The intercalibration of the cosmic-ray neutron monitors at 9 European sea-level stations and the deduction of a daily latitude effect in 1963

1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bachelet ◽  
P. Balata ◽  
E. Dyring ◽  
N. Iucci
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Latitude Effect

LATITUDE EFFECT OF THE COSMIC RAY NUCLEON AND MESON COMPONENTS AT SEA LEVEL FROM THE ARCTIC TO THE ANTARCTIC

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 968-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Rose ◽  
K. B. Fenton ◽  
J. Katzman ◽  
J. A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Geomagnetic Equator ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Latitude Effect ◽  
Nucleonic Component ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Eccentric Dipole

Results are presented of cosmic ray measurements taken at sea level during 1954–55 from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The equipment consisted of a neutron monitor and a meson telescope. Latitude effects of 1.77 for the nucleonic component and 1.15 for the meson component were measured. The longitude effect at the equator was much less than expected on the basis of the geomagnetic eccentric dipole and the longitude effect at intermediate northern latitudes shows that the longitude of the effective eccentric dipole is considerably west of that of the geomagnetic eccentric dipole. In a previous paper by the same authors, the positions of the equatorial minima were combined with other published cosmic ray measurements to calculate a new cosmic ray geomagnetic equator. In this paper new coordinates are derived on the assumption that these equatorial coordinates apply to a new eccentric dipole, and, therefore, that the equatorial coordinates may be extended to high latitudes. When the complete results are plotted on these coordinates, it is found that an eccentric dipole representation of the earth's magnetic field is inconsistent with the combined observations at all latitudes.

Time changes of the attenuation coefficients for cosmic-ray neutron monitors

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S1041-S1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bachelet ◽  
E. Dyring ◽  
N. Iucci ◽  
G. Villoresi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Independent Estimate ◽  
Time Changes

The time variation of the attenuation coefficients is synoptically studied by regression analysis on reduced and filtered daily data of 21 IGY neutron monitors from 1957 to 1965 and 11 IQSY supermonitors from 1964 to 1966. For the sea-level IGY monitors at high latitude a typical peak-to-peak amplitude of 4% is found for the solar-cycle change, in agreement with an independent estimate of the effect. The supermonitor results show, as expected, no relevant time variation in the period studied and smaller differences than the IGY monitors among stations of similar geophysical conditions.Attenuation coefficients obtained by mobile monitor measurements in 1967 are also presented.

scholarly journals The Upper Limiting Primary Rigidity of the Cosmic Ray Solar Anisotropy

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jacklyn ◽  
JE Humble
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Neutron Monitors ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Value

A method of determining the upper limiting rigidity of the solar diurnal variation of the cosmic ray primaries in free space is described. It involves a comparision of the response to the anisotropy of neutron monitors at sea level and of meson telescopes underground. Making use of the model for the free-space first harmonic proposed by Radio, McCracken, and Venkatesan, the annual average value for the upper limiting rigidity (Ru) in 1958 is estimated to have been 95 GV with an error of estimate of about 10-20 GV. Changes in the observed annual mean daily variation between 1958 and 1962 indicate that Ru may have decreased by about 20-40 GV over this period, but a more refined analysis is needed to confirm this.

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BAROMETER COEFFICIENTS FOR COSMIC-RAY INTENSITIES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lapointe ◽  
D. C. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Latitude Effect ◽  
Standard Neutron ◽  
The One

The data from all four Canadian cosmic-ray stations, Ottawa, Resolute, Churchill, and Sulphur Mountain, have been analyzed statistically with the help of an I.B.M. 650 computer over a period of three and a half years extending from the beginning of the I.G.Y. in July 1957 to the end of 1960. The barometer coefficients for triple and double coincidences in the international cubical telescope and for the nucleon intensity in the standard neutron monitor have been derived. A single correlation between intensity and pressure was used; two different ways of effecting this correlation were tried over a 6-month period. The results were compared and the best method was applied to the remaining three years. Monthly values were calculated, as were yearly values and also values for the 3-year period. The results reveal no significant seasonal variations in the barometer coefficients and no significant year-to-year variation. However, the seasonal fluctuations of the nucleon coefficient unsuspectedly follow those of the meson. A small latitude effect seems to be present. The nucleon coefficient at Sulphur Mountain, a high altitude station, is larger than the one at Ottawa (same geomagnetic latitude, sea level station).

Response Functions of Cosmic Ray Muon Telescopes at Sea Level and at 60 m.w.e.

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Hicks ◽  
G. Simpson ◽  
T. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Theoretical Determination ◽  
Standard Atmosphere ◽  
Latitude Effect ◽  
East West ◽  
Comparison With Experimental Data

A theoretical determination of the primary response of cosmic ray muon telescopes is presented. The calculations take into account successive collisions of an incoming primary nucleon, the distribution in energy of pions and muons at generation, and the decay and energy loss of muons in the standard atmosphere. Values of the primary muon multiplicity are given for telescopes at sea level and at a depth of 60 m.w.e. underground. The response functions obtained are verified by comparison with experimental data on the latitude effect and equatorial east–west effect at sea level. Comparisons are also made with response functions proposed by other workers for telescopes at 60 m.w.e.

Neutron production by cosmic-ray particles at sea level and underground

1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Sard ◽  
M. F. Crouch ◽  
D. R. Jones ◽  
A. M. Conforto ◽  
B. F. Stearns
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Neutron Production
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