Two-step cycle sequencing reduces premature terminations when using primers with high annealing temperatures

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Thomas Michael Prychitko ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Ries ◽  
William Samuel Moore
Keyword(s):  
Step Cycle ◽  
Cycle Sequencing ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing

Exchange Bias Induced in Polycrystalline Co/FeMn-Structures by Magnetic Field Cooling

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
N.G. Chechenin ◽  
I.O. Dzhun ◽  
S.A. Dushenko ◽  
E.A. Konstantinova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Exchange Bias ◽  
Resonance Field ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Exchange Bias Effect ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Thin Interlayer ◽  
Anneal Temperature

Using the method of angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance field the magnetic properties of Si/SiO2/Cu/Co/FeMn/Cu and Si/SiO2/Cu/Co/Cu/FeMn/Cu structures were investigated. The layer deposition was carried out by magnetron sputtering in absence of an external magnetic field. It was established that thermal annealing with further cooling down in presence of a magnetic field can generate an exchange bias at anneal temperature significantly below the bulk antiferromagnetic Néel temperature. It was also shown that a thin interlayer between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers reduces the exchange bias effect at low anneal temperatures, however, makes this effect more stable at high annealing temperatures.

EFFECT OF UNDERLAYERS ON THE STRESS OF CU FILMS PREPARED USING IONIZED METAL PLASMA

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. LI ◽  
D. H. ZHANG ◽  
J. J. WU ◽  
D. X. QI ◽  
Y. QIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Layer ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Cu Films ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Metal Plasma ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Cu Film

We investigated the effect of barrier metals, Ta, TaN and multi-stacked Ta/TaN , on the stress of the late deposited Cu film using ionised-metal plasma (IMP) technique. It was found that the stress of the IMP Cu film is sensitive to the strain or lattice mismatch of the barrier layer underneath. The nitrogen composition incorporated into Ta barrier layer causes tensile strain in the barrier and also the stress in the late deposited Cu film. The Cu film deposited on a multi-stacked Ta/TaN barrier showed the smallest stress due to relaxation of strain in the multi-layer barrier. In addition, the stress was also found sensitive to the annealing temperature. The abrupt change in the stress at high annealing temperatures coincides well with the formation of Cu 3 Si compound.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Jong Nam ◽  
Hyung Rak Song ◽  
Kyung Tae Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
High Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
High Annealing

The effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on mechanical properties of cold drawn pearlitic steel wires containing 0.84wt% of silicon were investigated. Annealing treatment was performed on cold drawn steel wires for the temperature range of 200°C to 450°C with the different annealing time of 30sec, 1min, 15min and 1hr. The increase of tensile strength at the low annealing temperatures would be related with strain ageing behavior, while the decrease of tensile strength at the high annealing temperature is due to the spheroidization of cementite plates and the occurrence of recovery of the lamellar ferrite in the pearlite.

scholarly journals Morphology and Phase Transformation of Copper/Aluminium Oxide Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Panthawan ◽  
T. Kumpika ◽  
W. Sroila ◽  
E. Kantarak ◽  
W. Thongpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Deposited Films

Сopper aluminium oxide (CuAlO2) was successfully prepared within the single-step sparking process at the atmospheric pressure. The as-deposited films were then annealed at 400, 900, 1000, and 1100 ∘C in an oven. The results have shown that the annealing temperature has direct effect on the morphology, phase transformation, and optical properties. CuAlO2 in the delafossite phase was formed on the annealed films at temperatures higher than 900 ∘C. Furthermore, the energy band gaps of the annealed films were linearly increased from 3.3 to 3.8 eV with increasing the annealing temperature from 400 to 1100 ∘C due to a reduction of the oxygen deficit of films at high annealing temperatures.

scholarly journals Discrimination between sheep-associated and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus by means of a single-tube duplex nested PCR

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Bremer ◽  
H. Swart ◽  
F.A. Doboro ◽  
B. Dungu ◽  
M. Romito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Primer Sets

A single-tube duplex nested polymerase chain reaction (sdn-PCR) was developed for the detection of and discrimination between ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1). These viruses respectively cause sheep- and wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SAMCF and WA-MCF). In the first step of the sdn-PCR, two primers with high annealing temperatures based on conserved regions of the tegument genes were used for DNA amplification. In the second step, two primer sets based on variable regions of the respective OvHV-2 and AlHV-1 genes and with annealing temperatures > 11 °C below the primers used in the first step, were used. Internal regions of different sizes from amplicons produced in the first step were amplified. This single-tube test obviates the need for two separate assays to detect both viral types, thereby reducing time, labour and cost.

scholarly journals Optimization of magnetic properties and GMI effect of Thin Co-rich Microwires for GMI Microsensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta ◽  
Paula Corte-Leon ◽  
Valentina Zhukova ◽  
Mihail Ipatov ◽  
Juan Maria Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Giant Magnetoimpedance ◽  
Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing

Magnetic microwires can present excellent soft magnetic properties and a giant magnetoimpedance effect. In this paper, we present our last results on the effect of postprocessing allowing optimization of the magnetoimpedance effect in Co-rich microwires suitable for magnetic microsensor applications. Giant magnetoimpedance effect improvement was achieved either by annealing or stress-annealing. Annealed Co-rich presents rectangular hysteresis loops. However, an improvement in magnetoimpedance ratio is observed at fairly high annealing temperatures over a wide frequency range. Application of stress during annealing at moderate values of annealing temperatures and stress allows for a remarkable decrease in coercivity and increase in squareness ratio and further giant magnetoimpedance effect improvement. Stress-annealing, carried out at sufficiently high temperatures and/or stress allowed induction of transverse magnetic anisotropy, as well as magnetoimpedance effect improvement. Enhanced magnetoimpedance ratio values for annealed and stress-annealed samples and frequency dependence of the magnetoimpedance are discussed in terms of the radial distribution of the magnetic anisotropy. Accordingly, we demonstrated that the giant magnetoimpedance effect of Co-rich microwires can be tailored by controlling the magnetic anisotropy of Co-rich microwires, using appropriate thermal treatment.

scholarly journals A study of annealed GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy using photoluminescence spectroscopy.

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Abigail Bell ◽  
Ian Harrison ◽  
Dimitris Korakakis ◽  
Eric C. Larkins ◽  
J. M. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Acceptor Pair ◽  
Pl Spectra ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Oxygen Oxygen ◽  
Luminescence Peak ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Two Peaks

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effect annealing has on molecular beam epitaxially grown GaN in different ambients. By observing the changes in the PL spectra as a function of ambient temperature and atmosphere used, important information concerning the origin of defects within GaN has been found. Samples were annealed in different atmospheres, (including oxygen, oxygen and water vapour, nitrogen and argon), different temperatures. In the 2.0eV-2.8eV region of the PL spectra, two peaks appeared at approximately 2.3eV and 2.6eV, somewhat higher than the usual yellow luminescence peak. We find that the 2.6eV peak is dominant for high annealing temperatures and the 2.3eV peak dominates at low annealing temperatures for the samples annealed in oxygen. When annealed in argon and nitrogen the 2.6eV peak dominates at all annealing temperatures. Changes in the PL spectra between anneals were also seen in the 3.42eV region. The 3.42eV peak is often assigned to excitons bound to stacking faults. Power resolved measurements indicate that in our sample the cause is a donor acceptor pair transition.

Behaviour of CaSO4:Dy embedded teflon discs at high annealing temperatures

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R Lakshmanan ◽  
U Madhusoodanan
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
High Annealing
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