Measures of intra-industry trade reconsidered with reference to Singapore’s bilateral trade with Japan and the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramkishen S. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industry Trade

The Investment Provisions of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Raby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

This is a good deal, a good deal for Canada and a deal that is good for all Canadians. It is also a fair deal, which means that it brings benefits and progress to our partner, the United States of America. When both countries prosper, our democracies are strengthened and leadership has been provided to our trading partners around the world. I think this initiative represents enlightened leadership to the trading partners about what can be accomplished when we determine that we are going to strike down protectionism, move toward liberalized trade, and generate new prosperity for all our people.On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the landmark comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries that already enjoyed the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world. The FTA was subsequently ratified by the legislatures of both countries, if only after a bitterly fought election on the subject in Canada. On January 1, 1989, the FTA formally came into effect.

United States and Its Challenge to Multilateralism in the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-419
Author(s):  
Krishnakumar S.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Merchandise Trade

With Donald Trump as President of United States, multilateralism in the world economy is facing an unprecedented challenge. The international economic institutions that have evolved since the fifties are increasingly under the risk of being undermined. With the growing assertion of the emerging and developing economies in the international fora, United States is increasingly sceptical of its ability to maneuvre such institutions to suit its own purpose. This is particularly true with respect to WTO, based on “one country one vote” system. The tariff rate hikes initiated by the leader country in the recent past pose a serious challenge to the multilateral trading system. The paper tries to undertake a critical overview of the US pre-occupation of targeting economies on the basis of the bilateral merchandise trade surpluses of countries, through the trade legislations like Omnibus Act and Trade Facilitation Act. These legislations not only ignore the growing share of the United States in the growing invisibles trade in the world economy, but also read too much into the bilateral trade surpluses of economies with United States and the intervention done by them in the foreign exchange market.

scholarly journals Freedom Fries

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Michaels ◽  
Xiaojia Zhi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Us

Do firms always choose the cheapest suitable inputs, or can group attitudes affect their choices? To investigate this question, we examine the deterioration of relations between the United States and France from 2002–2003, when France's favorability rating in the US fell by 48 percentage points. We estimate that the worsening attitudes reduced bilateral trade by about 9 percent and that trade in inputs probably declined similarly, by about 8 percent. We use these estimates to calculate the average decrease in firms' willingness to pay for French (or US) commodities when attitudes worsened. (JEL D24, F13, F14, L14, L21)

scholarly journals Volume, intensity and intra-industrial proportion of bilateral trade between Mexico and the United States 1981-2017

Norteamérica ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Albarrán Macías
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Production Processes

The aim of this paper is to characterize the bilateral trade between Mexico and the United States during the period 1981-2017, highlighting the effects of Mexico's accession to the GATT and the entry into force of NAFTA, as well as the entry of China into the WTO. Although there have been decelerations at some point, results show an increase in trade volume and, consequently, in the intensity of bilateral trade, but in the latter case with some falls resulting from the different growth rates of world trade. Intra-industrial trade, meanwhile, recorded sustained growth, which could reflect a greater vertical integration of production processes. Keywords: trade volume, trade intensity, intra-industrial trade, Grubel and Lloyd index added and corrected, economic integration.

scholarly journals Development of trade and economic cooperation between China and Russia in new geopolitical conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (51) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
A.V. Brizitskaya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade War

The article analyzes the trade relations between Russia and China in the modern period characterized by changes in the situation on the world stage and in the domestic political life of countries. The dynamics and commodity structure of bilateral trade of Russia and China have been studied, the Index of trade com-plementarity has been calculated, which showed that Chinese exports are more complementary to the structure of Russian imports than vice versa. Emphasis is placed on traditional trade in goods, excluding services and cross-border e-Commerce. The paper identifies two main directions which the development of Russian exports to China can take in the conditions of the "trade war" of China and the United States. The short-sighted policy of increasing only fuel and energy exports is justified. The reasons hindering the development of non-resource exports of Russia, primarily agricultural products and food, to China have been identified.

scholarly journals CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES: OPPORTUNITIES FOR COOPERATION AND GLOBAL SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Nikitina ◽  
Anastasia Budniak ◽  
Victoria Petimko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Depth Analysis

The article examines the factors influencing the development of modern American-Chinese relations in the context of the problems of ensuring regional and global security. The necessity and expediency of in-depth analysis of the relations between the USA and the People's Republic of China (PRC) are substantiated, as the latter is of great importance for understanding the essence of modern relations between the two countries and future directions of foreign and foreign economic policy as world community leaders. The main trends in the development of relations between the United States and China for the current period and the near future are considered. The first steps in shaping relations between the two countries during the Trump administration are highlighted. The features of the modern development of China and the United States, the volume of trade between the PRC and the United States, as well as the global danger in the context of relations between China and the United States are analyzed. Thus, analysis of statistics on the level of trade in different periods showed that trade between China and the United States increased by 8.3% year on year to $ 586.72 billion in 2020. Chinese exports to the United States increased by 7.9% to $ 451.81 billion imports of American products increased by 9.8% to $ 134.91 billion. It is proved that at the present stage of China's development to establish the latest leadership ambitions remains the establishment of relations with other countries and not only by significantly increasing economic aid. To improve China's perception of the world, it needs to change its priorities for economic development to create a harmonious society, free from the current huge diversification in society. It was grounded that the expansion of trade and economic cooperation between China and the United States is a sincere desire of the Chinese and the American side. The Governments of both countries are focusing their efforts on providing a favorable and stable environment for the long-term development of bilateral trade and economic cooperation. In addition, senior management provides a solid foundation for achieving a trade balance between the two countries to improve bilateral trade and economic relations. The prospects for a US-China strategic partnership are also outlined. But the intensity of passions is also not observed. The positive and negative factors of this alliance are identified.

Japan-US Economic Relations in the Post-Trans-Pacific Partnership Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Min-Hua CHIANG
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Senkaku Islands

Japan and the United States have agreed to discuss a post-Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) bilateral trade framework during the Abe-Trump meeting in February 2017. The bilateral trade talks will be a significant step for Japan to remain economically connected to America. To reward Japan’s support of Trump’s economic agenda, the United States has promised to defend Japan, including the disputed Senkaku islands.

Nicaragua election criticism will not shake Ortega

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Increased Pressure

Significance The outcome comes as little surprise, given the repressive tactics used by the Ortega administration in the run-up to the vote, which included the disqualification or imprisonment of numerous opposition candidates. The United States and other international actors are now poised to put increased pressure on the re-elected government. Impacts The prospect of extended sanctions will act as a further disincentive to foreign investment. Ortega’s efforts to boost regional support through increased alignment with Honduras may lead to greater bilateral trade. More undocumented Nicaraguan migration looks inevitable, whether due to continuing political repression or worsening economic hardship.

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