scholarly journals Records of climatic changes and volcanic events in an ice core from Central Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica) during the past century

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Nijampurkar ◽  
D. K. Rao ◽  
H. B. Clausen ◽  
M. K. Kaul ◽  
A. Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Dronning Maud Land

scholarly journals Reconstruction of daily snowfall accumulation at 5.5 km resolution over Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, from 1850 to 2014 using an analog-based downscaling technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Ghilain ◽  
Stéphane Vannitsem ◽  
Quentin Dalaiden ◽  
Hugues Goosse ◽  
Lesley De Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Ice Core Records

Abstract. The surface mass balance (SMB) over the Antarctic Ice Sheet displays large temporal and spatial variations. Due to the complex Antarctic topography, modelling the climate at high resolution is crucial to accurately represent the dynamics of SMB. While ice core records provide a means to infer the SMB over centuries, the view is very spatially constrained. General circulation models (GCMs) estimate its spatial distribution over centuries, but with a resolution that is too coarse to capture the large variations due to local orographic effects. We have therefore explored a methodology to statistically downscale snowfall accumulation, the primary driver of SMB, from climate model historical simulations (1850–present day) over the coastal region of Dronning Maud Land. An analog method is set up over a period of 30 years with the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses (1979–2010 AD) and associated with snowfall daily accumulation forecasts from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2.3) at 5.5 km spatial resolution over Dronning Maud in East Antarctica. The same method is then applied to the period from 1850 to present day using an ensemble of ten members from the CESM2 model. This method enables to derive a spatial distribution of the accumulation of snowfall, the principal driver of the SMB variability over the region. A new dataset of daily and yearly snowfall accumulation based on this methodology is presented in this paper (MASS2ANT dataset, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4287517, Ghilain et al. (2021)), along with comparisons with ice core data and available spatial reconstructions. It offers a more detailed spatio-temporal view of the changes over the past 150 years compared to other available datasets, allowing a possible connection with the ice core records, and provides information that may be useful in identifying the large-scale patterns associated to the local precipitation conditions and their changes over the past century.

scholarly journals The paleoclimate record in the ice core at Dome Fuji station, East Antarctica

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okitsugu Watanabe ◽  
Kokichi Kamiyama ◽  
Hideaki Motoyama ◽  
Yoshiyuki Fujii ◽  
Hitoshi Shoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractThe Antarctic ice sheet preserves paleoclimate information in the form of physical and chemical stratigraphy. A deep ice core down to 2503 m depth was drilled at Dome Fuji station, East Antarctica, during the 1993-96 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition inland operations. Oxygen isotope measurements were conducted on 50 cm long samples selected from the entire core length. A palco-temperature profile was obtained for the past 340 ka by assuming the same conversion factors for the past relation as exist today between isotope ratio and both surface temperature and accumulation rate, in the inland region of Dronning Maud Land. The environmental-index profiles such as major chemical and dust contents coincide quite well withVostok ice-core data in general but not in detail. Detailed analysis of these climatic and environmental signals is in progress.

scholarly journals Improved estimates of preindustrial biomass burning reduce the magnitude of aerosol climate forcing in the Southern Hemisphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. eabc1379
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Jed O. Kaplan ◽  
Loretta J. Mickley ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Nathan J. Chellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fire Activity

Fire plays a pivotal role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and the chemical composition of the atmosphere and thus influences Earth’s climate. The trend and magnitude of fire activity over the past few centuries are controversial, which hinders understanding of preindustrial to present-day aerosol radiative forcing. Here, we present evidence from records of 14 Antarctic ice cores and 1 central Andean ice core, suggesting that historical fire activity in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) exceeded present-day levels. To understand this observation, we use a global fire model to show that overall SH fire emissions could have declined by 30% over the 20th century, possibly because of the rapid expansion of land use for agriculture and animal production in middle to high latitudes. Radiative forcing calculations suggest that the decreasing trend in SH fire emissions over the past century largely compensates for the cooling effect of increasing aerosols from fossil fuel and biofuel sources.

scholarly journals Supporting evidence from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core for atmospheric CO2 changes during the past millennium

Tellus B ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
URS SIEGENTHALER ◽  
ERIC MONNIN ◽  
KENJI KAWAMURA ◽  
RENATO SPAHNI ◽  
JAKOB SCHWANDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Past Millennium

Response of Siberian trees to climatic changes over the past 1500 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Marina Fonti ◽  
Rolf Siegwolf ◽  
Tatyana Trushkina ◽  
Eugene Vaganov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Medieval Warm Period ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Taimyr Peninsula ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tree Ring Cellulose

<p>We use an interdisciplinary approach combining stable isotopes in tree rings, pollen data, ice cores from temperature-limited environment in the Siberian north and developed a comprehensive description of the climatic changes over the past 1500 years. We found that the Climatic Optimum Period was warmer and drier compared to the Medieval one, but rather similar to the recent period. Our results indicate that the Medieval Warm period in the Taimyr Peninsula started earlier and was wetter compared to the northeastern part of Siberia (northeastern Yakutia). Summer precipitation reconstruction obtained from carbon isotopes in tree-ring cellulose from Taimyr Peninsula significantly correlated with the pollen data of the Lama Lake (Andreev et al. 2004) and oxygen isotopes of the ice core from Severnaya Zemlya (Opel et al. 2013) recording wetter climate conditions during the Medieval Warm period compared to the northeastern part of Siberia. Common large-scale climate variability was confirmed by significant relationship between oxygen isotope data in tree-ring cellulose from the Taimyr Peninsula and northeastern Yakutia, and oxygen isotope ice core data from Severnaya Zemlja during the Medieval Warm period and the recent one. Finally, we showed that the recent warming on the Taimyr Peninsula is not unprecedented in the Siberian north. Similar climate conditions were recorded by stable isotopes in tree rings, pollen, and ice core data 6000 years ago. On the northeastern part of Siberia newly developed a 1500-year summer vapor pressure deficit (VPD) reconstruction showed, that VPD increased recently, but does not yet exceed the maximum values reconstructed during the Medieval Warm period. The most humid conditions in the northeastern part of Siberia were recorded in the Early Medieval period and during the Little Ice Age. However, the increasing VPD under elevated air temperature in the last decades affects the hydrological regime of these sensitive ecosystems by greater evapotranspiration rates. Further VPD increase will significantly affect Siberian forests most likely leading to drought even under additional access of thawed permafrost water.</p><p>This work was supported by the FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008 - Marie Curie Action: "International Incoming Fellowships" 235122 and "Reintegration Fellowships" 909122 “Climatic and environmental changes in the Eurasian Subarctic inferred from tree-ring and stable isotope chronologies for the past and recent periods” and the Government of Krasnoyarsk Kray and Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Krasnoyarsk Foundation 20-44-240001 “Adaptation of conifer forests on the north of the Krasnoyarsk region (Taimyr Peninsula) to climatic changes after extreme events over the past 1500 years“ awarded to Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova).</p>

scholarly journals Climate dependent contrast in surface mass balance in East Antarctica over the past 216 ka

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (236) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. PARRENIN ◽  
S. FUJITA ◽  
A. ABE-OUCHI ◽  
K. KAWAMURA ◽  
V. MASSON-DELMOTTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Stable Isotope ◽  
Global Mean Sea Level

ABSTRACTDocumenting past changes in the East Antarctic surface mass balance is important to improve ice core chronologies and to constrain the ice-sheet contribution to global mean sea-level change. Here we reconstruct past changes in the ratio of surface mass balance (SMB ratio) between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Dome Fuji (DF) East Antarctica ice core sites, based on a precise volcanic synchronization of the two ice cores and on corrections for the vertical thinning of layers. During the past 216 000 a, this SMB ratio, denoted SMBEDC/SMBDF, varied between 0.7 and 1.1, being small during cold periods and large during warm periods. Our results therefore reveal larger amplitudes of changes in SMB at EDC compared with DF, consistent with previous results showing larger amplitudes of changes in water stable isotopes and estimated surface temperature at EDC compared with DF. Within the last glacial inception (Marine Isotope Stages, MIS-5c and MIS-5d), the SMB ratio deviates by up to 0.2 from what is expected based on differences in water stable isotope records. Moreover, the SMB ratio is constant throughout the late parts of the current and last interglacial periods, despite contrasting isotopic trends.

scholarly journals "EDML1": a chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ruth ◽  
J.-M. Barnola ◽  
J. Beer ◽  
M. Bigler ◽  
T. Blunier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Dronning Maud Land

Abstract. A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice core from Dome-C (EDC) through a stratigraphic match between EDML and EDC that consists of 322 volcanic match points over the last 128 ka. The EDC3 chronology comprises a glaciological model at EDC, which is constrained and later selectively tuned using primary dating information from EDC as well as from EDML, the latter being transferred using the tight stratigraphic link between the two cores. Finally, EDML1 was built by exporting EDC3 to EDML. For ages younger than 41 ka BP the new synchronized time scale EDML1/EDC3 is based on dated volcanic events and on a match to the Greenlandic ice core chronology GICC05 via 10Be and methane. The internal consistency between EDML1 and EDC3 is estimated to be typically ~6 years and always less than 450 years over the last 128 ka (always less than 130 years over the last 60 ka), which reflects an unprecedented synchrony of time scales. EDML1 ends at 150 ka BP (2417 m depth) because the match between EDML and EDC becomes ambiguous further down. This hints at a complex ice flow history for the deepest 350 m of the EDML ice core.

scholarly journals Supporting evidence from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core for atmospheric CO2changes during the past millennium

Tellus B ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Siegenthaler ◽  
Eric Monnin ◽  
Kenji Kawamura ◽  
Renato Spahni ◽  
Jakob Schwander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Past Millennium

scholarly journals Acid Content of Snow from a Mid-Troposphere Sampling Site on Mount Logan, Yukon Territory, Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Holdsworth ◽  
E. Peake
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The North ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
North American Arctic

An ice core 103 m long was extracted in 1980 from an altitude of 5340 m on the icefield plateau of Mount Logan, Yukon Territory (lat 60°35ˈN, long 140°30ˈW). The firn-ice transition occurs at a depth of 65 m, corresponding to about the year 1880. The chemistry of this upper 65 m is apparently dominated by acid-ion species, the peaks in which are provisionally identified with several documented volcanic events. Although the analyses cover only selected discontinuous intervals, it appears that there is no significant long-term trend in the background acidity level of the precipitation at this location over the past century, in contrast to the results from the North American Arctic and Greenland. Nitrate ion concentration shows pseudo-seasonal variations, which may be associated with stratospheric-tropospheric interactions, although other seasonally linked mechanisms are possible. This result has also been reported for ice-core sequences from Greenland. Other nitrate pulses are tentatively associated with local volcanic events and a possible meteorite event (the entry of Tunguska in 1908). One of the largest short-term sources of sulfate ions is probably from volcanic activity on the north Pacific rim. Background volcanically-quiet nitrate and sulfate ion concentrations are compared with similar Greenland data in an attempt to throw further tight on the origin of the acids. Since the moisture for this precipitation originates primarily in the Gulf of Alaska, the data has particular relevance to that region. Short-term climatic changes, as reflected by the oxygen isotope (δl8O) record, show some response to the major volcanic-acid events. The influences affecting the δl8O record are listed but not discussed.

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