Analysis for geometrical and positional isomers of fatty acids in partially hydrogenated fats

1967 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 648-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Scholfield ◽  
V. L. Da Vison ◽  
H. J. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Fats

trans Fatty Acids in Polish Pastry

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA ŻBIKOWSKA ◽  
SYLWIA ONACIK-GÜR ◽  
MALGORZATA KOWALSKA ◽  
JAROSLAWA RUTKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Isomer Content ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trans Isomer Content

ABSTRACT Because potentially harmful trans fatty acids (TFAs) should be eliminated from the diet, each country should have updated estimates of TFA content in food. The purpose of the study was to provide data on TFA content in pastry products commercialized in the Polish market. Products made using hydrogenated fats (as declared by manufacturers) were tested. Samples were acquired between April 2017 and July 2017. Extraction of fat from all pastries was carried out by the method of Folch et al. The fatty acid (FA) composition, especially TFA content in extracted fats, was determined by gas chromatography. Fat in the products was characterized by a high level of saturated fatty acid (SFA; ca. 42 g/100 g of FA), with the exception of one sample. A great diversity of total TFA content in fat of the products was found (0.1 to 13.5 g/100 g of FA). Of the products tested, 37.5% had TFAs in excess of 2%. Furthermore, partially hydrogenated fats were the source of TFAs in the analyzed products, as demonstrated by high content of elaidic acid. In addition, there was a trend of a decrease in the daily intake of TFAs of industrial origin with pastry products (0.14 g) compared with earlier studies. These results highlight the ongoing need for improvement in terms of trans isomer content in pastry products in Poland. This study confirms the importance of developing effective policies for reducing the TFA content of food. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Monitoring industrial hydrogenation of soybean oil using self-organizing maps

2019 ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Leonardo Sanchez ◽  
Sérgio Benedito Gonçalves Pereira ◽  
Augusto Tanamati ◽  
Ailey Aparecida Coelho Tanamati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Self Organizing

Monitoring the hydrogenation reaction is crucial to guarantee a product with desired properties. The combination of gas chromatography (GC) with self-organizing maps (SOM) may be an alternative to extract relevant information during the hydrogenation. We analyzed two partially hydrogenated fats produced in an industrial reactor. The quantification of the fatty acids methyl esters and the iodine value (IV) calculation was performed by GC. The SOM was able to cluster the samples according to the IV and reaction time. The weight maps depicted the variation of monounsaturated fatty acids associated with the increase of 18:1 and the variation of poly-unsaturated are mainly correlated with 18:2. An increase was observed in saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids associated respectively with 18:0 and 18:1(trans). Besides, it was confirmed that trans-isomers are more stable than the cis-isomers. Therefore, the SOM with GC was an efficient tool for monitoring the hydrogenation process.

Ozonolysis of unsaturated fatty acids. II. Esterification of the total products from the oxidative decomposition of ozonides with 2,2-dimethoxypropane

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Castell ◽  
R. G. Ackman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame

The total acidic products from the performic acid oxidation of the ozonide of methyl oleate formed in methanol may be esterified directly in a few hours with 2,2-dimethoxypropane. The ester concentrations are adequate for the determination of the positional isomers of monoethylenic fatty acids directly from the reaction mixture, using a hydrogen flame ionization gas–liquid chromatography detector. Dimethyl sulfoxide was not required to prevent the breakdown of 2,2-dimethoxypropane under the conditions employed.

scholarly journals Screening method for determination of C18:1 trans fatty acids positional isomers in chocolate by 1H NMR and chemometrics

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 109689
Author(s):  
Tatiane Lima Amorim ◽  
Lucas Mattos Duarte ◽  
Álisson Silva Granato ◽  
Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira ◽  
Giovanni Wilson Amarante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Positional Isomers

scholarly journals Dietary Trans Fatty Acids: Impact on Serum Lipoproteins and Coronary Heart Disease

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Raghib Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Serum Lipoproteins ◽  
Marine Oils ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Considerable Concern

Recently, there has been considerable concern on the atherogenic potential of Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) present in food products produced with hydrogenated vegetable and marine oils. Hydrogenated fats containing TFAs are harmful for heart. Health authorities and Food regulatory agencies across the world, including WHO and FAO, have suggested food manufacturers to lower TFA content in their food products and called for a mandatory food labeling on packs for consumer information and protection. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3805 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 194-198

Degradation in soybean oil, sunflower oil and partially hydrogenated fats after food frying, monitored by conventional and unconventional methods

Food Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1920-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Daniela Juárez ◽  
Cibele Cristina Osawa ◽  
María Elina Acuña ◽  
Norma Sammán ◽  
Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Oil Sunflower ◽  
Unconventional Methods

scholarly journals Release of Anti-Inflammatory Palmitoleic Acid and Its Positional Isomers by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Alma M. Astudillo ◽  
Clara Meana ◽  
Miguel A. Bermúdez ◽  
Alfonso Pérez-Encabo ◽  
María A. Balboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Positional isomers of hexadecenoic acid are considered as fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. The best known of them, palmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 16:1n-7), has been identified as a lipokine with important beneficial actions in metabolic diseases. Hypogeic acid (cis-7-hexadecenoic acid, 16:1n-9) has been regarded as a possible biomarker of foamy cell formation during atherosclerosis. Notwithstanding the importance of these isomers as possible regulators of inflammatory responses, very little is known about the regulation of their levels and distribution and mobilization among the different lipid pools within the cell. In this work, we describe that the bulk of hexadecenoic fatty acids found in mouse peritoneal macrophages is esterified in a unique phosphatidylcholine species, which contains palmitic acid at the sn-1 position, and hexadecenoic acid at the sn-2 position. This species markedly decreases when the macrophages are activated with inflammatory stimuli, in parallel with net mobilization of free hexadecenoic acid. Using pharmacological inhibitors and specific gene-silencing approaches, we demonstrate that hexadecenoic acids are selectively released by calcium-independent group VIA phospholipase A2 under activation conditions. While most of the released hexadecenoic acid accumulates in free fatty acid form, a significant part is also transferred to other phospholipids to form hexadecenoate-containing inositol phospholipids, which are known to possess growth-factor-like-properties, and are also used to form fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, compounds with known anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Collectively, these data unveil new pathways and mechanisms for the utilization of palmitoleic acid and its isomers during inflammatory conditions, and raise the intriguing possibility that part of the anti-inflammatory activity of these fatty acids may be due to conversion to other lipid mediators.

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