An alternative hypothesis on the phylogenetic position of the family dactylopteridae (pisces: Teleostei), with a proposed new classification

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family

The systematics and phylogenetic position of the troglobitic Australian spider genus Troglodiplura (Araneae : Mygalomorphae), with a new classification for Anamidae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Harvey ◽  
Michael G. Rix ◽  
Mia J. Hillyer ◽  
Joel A. Huey
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Cave System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
First Descriptions

Compared with araneomorph spiders, relatively few mygalomorph spiders have evolved an obligate existence in subterranean habitats. The trapdoor spider genus Troglodiplura Main, 1969 and its sole named species T. lowryi Main, 1969 is endemic to caves on the Nullarbor Plain of southern Australia, and is one of the world’s most troglomorphic mygalomorph spiders. However, its systematic position has proved to be difficult to ascertain, largely due to a lack of preserved adults, with all museum specimens represented only by cuticular fragments, degraded specimens or preserved juveniles. The systematic placement of Troglodiplura has changed since it was first described as a member of the Dipluridae, with later attribution to Nemesiidae and then back to Dipluridae. The most recent hypothesis specifically allied Troglodiplura with the Neotropical subfamily Diplurinae, and therefore was assumed to have no close living relatives in Australia. We obtained mitochondrial sequence data from one specimen of Troglodiplura to test these two competing hypotheses, and found that Troglodiplura is a member of the family Anamidae (which was recently separated from the Nemesiidae). We also reassess the morphology of the cuticular fragments of specimens from several different caves, and hypothesise that along with T. lowryi there are four new troglobitic species, here named T. beirutpakbarai Harvey & Rix, T. challeni Harvey & Rix, T. harrisi Harvey & Rix, and T. samankunani Harvey & Rix, each of which is restricted to a single cave system and therefore severely threatened by changing environmental conditions within the caves. The first descriptions and illustrations of the female spermathecae of Troglodiplura are provided. The family Anamidae is further divided into two subfamilies, with the Anaminae Simon containing Aname L. Koch, 1873, Hesperonatalius Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017, Kwonkan Main, 1983, Swolnpes Main & Framenau, 2009 and Troglodiplura, and the Teylinae Main including Chenistonia Hogg, 1901, Namea Raven, 1984, Proshermacha Simon, 1909, Teyl Main, 1975 and Teyloides Main, 1985. ZooBank Registration: http://zoobank.org/References/2BE2B429-0998-4AFE-9381-B30BDC391E9C

Contribution to the Morphology of a Pine Web-spinning Sawfly, Cephalcia marginata Middlekauff (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

In studies of sawflies, the family Pamphiliidae has been much neglected especially from the morphological stand point. Yuasa (1922) made a study of the larvae, but the genus Cephalcia was dealt with rather briefly. Ross (1937) and Benson (1945) made comparative morphological studies of the adults and showed the phylogenetic position of the family. More recently, Middlekauff (1953) published a description of Cephalcia marginata, a pine web-spinning sawfly which was the subject of the present study.

Resolving the Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866) complex with remarks on the monophyletic status of Louriniidae, Monard 1927 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5051 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-386
Author(s):  
SÜPHAN KARAYTUĞ ◽  
SERDAR SAK ◽  
ALP ALPER ◽  
SERDAR SÖNMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nicobar Island ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Almost All

An attempt was made to test if Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866)—as it is currently diagnosed—represents a species complex. Detailed examination and comparisons of several specimens collected from different localities suggest that L. armata indeed represents a complex of four closely related morphospecies that can be differentiated from one another by only detailed observations. One of the four species is identified as Lourinia aff. armata and the other three species are described as new to science and named as Lourinia wellsi sp. nov., L. gocmeni sp. nov., and L. aldabraensis sp. nov. Detailed review of previous species records indicates that the genus Lourinia Wilson, 1924 is distributed worldwide. Ceyloniella nicobarica Sewell, 1940, originally described from Nicobar Island and previously considered a junior subjective synonym of L. armata is reinstated as Lourinia nicobarica (Sewell, 1940) comb. nov. on the basis of the unique paddle-shaped caudal ramus seta V. It is postulated that almost all of these records are unreliable in terms of representing true Lourinia aff. armata described herein. On the other hand, the comparative evaluation of the illustrations and descriptions in the published literature indicates the presence of several new species waiting to be discovered in the genus Lourinia.                 It has been determined that, according to updated modern keys, the recent inclusion of the monotypic genus Archeolourinia Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 in the Louriniidae is not justified since Archeolourinia shermani Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 does not belong to this family but should be assigned to the Canthocamptidae. On the other hand, it has been argued that the exact phylogenetic position of the Louriniidae still remains problematic since none of the diagnostic characters supports the monophyly of the family within the Oligoarthra. It has also been argued that the close relationship between Louriniidae and Canthocamptidae is supported since both families share the homologous sexual dimorphism (apophysis) on P3 endopod. The most important characteristic that can possibly be used to define Louriniidae is the reduction of maxilliped.  

Morphology of a unique ophidiid, Hypopleuron caninum Radcliffe 1913 (Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae, Neobythitinae), suggesting a close relationship with the family Carapidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (4) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
SHINPEI OHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Osteological and myological characters of the ophidiid Hypopleuron caninum are described here in detail. In addition to well-known characters of Ophidiidae (e.g., anal-fin origin well posterior to dorsal-fin origin; barbel-like pelvic fin; many scales), many unique or rare conditions were also recognized, including predorsal bone and maxilla condition, and canine teeth on the premaxilla, which were suggestive of a relationship with Carapidae. Furthermore, the predorsal bone appear to be homologous with the vexillar support, a carapid synapomorphy. Although several characters differ from carapid counterparts (e.g., more anterior anal-fin origin and scales absent in Carapidae), some intermediate conditions between Ophidiidae and Carapidae are apparent in Hypopleuron caninum, which may therefore occupy an intermediate phylogenetic position between the two families. A unique morphology of small second infraorbital bone is recognized in all ophidiiform species observed in this study, and it may be a synapomorphic character of the order Ophidiiformes. 

scholarly journals Noteworthy record of the Ethiopian genet, Genetta abyssinica, (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Djibouti informs its phylogenetic position within Genetta

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Ferguson ◽  
Houssein R. Roble ◽  
Molly M. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae,Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genetGenetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment ofG. abyssinicausing molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Forêt du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen ofG. abyssinicacollected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship ofG. abyssinicato otherGenettaspecies, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships amongGenettaspecies remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.

scholarly journals A highly contiguous nuclear genome assembly of the mandarinfish Synchiropus splendidus (Syngnathiformes: Callionymidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stervander ◽  
William A Cresko
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
The Family ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Important Fish

Abstract The fish order Syngnathiformes has been referred to as a collection of misfit fishes, comprising commercially important fish such as red mullets as well as the highly diverse seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons—the well-known family Syngnathidae, with their unique adaptations including male pregnancy. Another ornate member of this order is the species mandarinfish. No less than two types of chromatophores have been discovered in the spectacularly colored mandarinfish: the cyanophore (producing blue color) and the dichromatic cyano-erythrophore (producing blue and red). The phylogenetic position of mandarinfish in Syngnathiformes, and their promise of additional genetic discoveries beyond the chromatophores, made mandarinfish an appealing target for whole genome sequencing. We used linked sequences to create synthetic long reads, producing a highly contiguous genome assembly for the mandarinfish. The genome assembly comprises 483 Mbp (longest scaffold 29 Mbp), has an N50 of 12 Mbp, and an L50 of 14 scaffolds. The assembly completeness is also high, with 92.6% complete, 4.4% fragmented, and 2.9% missing out of 4,584 BUSCO genes found in ray-finned fishes. Outside the family Syngnathidae, the mandarinfish represents one of the most contiguous syngnathiform genome assemblies to date. The mandarinfish genomic resource will likely serve as a high-quality outgroup to syngnathid fish, and furthermore for research on the genomic underpinnings of the evolution of novel pigmentation.

scholarly journals The genus Microniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda): evidence for three lineages distributed across northwestern Europe and transfer from Niphargidae to Pseudoniphargidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Weber ◽  
Fabio Stoch ◽  
Lee R.F.D. Knight ◽  
Claire Chauveau ◽  
Jean-François Flot
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family

Microniphargus leruthi Schellenberg, 1934 (Amphipoda: Niphargidae) was first described based on samples collected in Belgium and placed in a monotypic genus within the family Niphargidae. However, some details of its morphology as well as recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Microniphargus may be more closely related to Pseudoniphargus (Amphipoda: Pseudoniphargidae) than to Niphargus. Moreover, M. leruthi ranges over 1,469 km from Ireland to Germany, which is striking since only a few niphargids have confirmed ranges in excess of 200 km. To find out the phylogenetic position of M. leruthi and check whether it may be a complex of cryptic species, we collected material from Ireland, England and Belgium then sequenced fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene as well as of the nuclear 28S ribosomal gene. Phylogenetic analyses of both markers confirm that Microniphargus is closer to Pseudoniphargus than to Niphargus, leading us to reallocate Microniphargus to Pseudoniphargidae. We also identify three congruent mito-nuclear lineages present respectively in Ireland, in both Belgium and England, and in England only (with the latter found in sympatry at one location), suggesting that M. leruthi is a complex of at least three species with a putative centre of origin in England.

scholarly journals Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
GLENN M. SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Classification

The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are a number of earlier names in the family group that have been overlooked by recent workers. These names are identified and their validity with respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along with their type genera. In most cases, use of these names to supplant junior synonyms in modern day use is avoidable by use of the Reversal of Precedence articles of the Code, but the names remain available in case of future divisions at the tribe and subtribe level. Other names are unavailable due to homonymy, either of their type genera or the stems from similar but non-homonymous type genera. However, the name Egerniini is replaced by Tiliquini, due to a limited timespan of use of Egerniini. A new classification of the Family Scincidae is proposed, providing a more extensive use of Code-regulated levels of classification, including tribes and subtribes, and a detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.  

scholarly journals Importance of the postcranial skeleton in eusuchian phylogeny: Reassessing the systematics of allodaposuchid crocodylians

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251900
Author(s):  
Alejandro Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Internal Relationships

Our current knowledge on the crocodyliform evolution is strongly biased towards the skull morphology, and the postcranial skeleton is usually neglected in many taxonomic descriptions. However, it is logical to expect that it can contribute with its own phylogenetic signal. In this paper, the changes in the tree topology caused by the addition of the postcranial information are analysed for the family Allodaposuchidae, the most representative eusuchians in the latest Cretaceous of Europe. At present, different phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed for this group without reaching a consensus. The results of this paper evidence a shift in the phylogenetic position when the postcranium is included in the dataset, pointing to a relevant phylogenetic signal in the postcranial elements. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships of allodaposuchids within Eusuchia are reassessed; and the internal relationships within Allodaposuchidae are also reconsidered after an exhaustive revision of the morphological data. New and improved diagnoses for each species are here provided.

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