Temper embrittlement of Ni-Cr steel by Sn

Abstract SAE 4032 is an alloy steel used extensively in the automobile industry. It combines moderate strength with good toughness in the quenched and tempered condition because it is relatively free from temper embrittlement when tempered in the range 850-1100 F. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-319. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

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AISI 4140

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0018 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Temper Embrittlement ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Medium Carbon Steel ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Medium Carbon ◽

Steel Mills ◽

Aisi 4140

Abstract AISI 4140 is a through-hardening chromium-molybdenum medium carbon steel. It is not subject to temper embrittlement. It is recommended for heavy duty service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-18. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries. Originally published May 1954, revised September 1988.

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AISI 4032

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0411 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Alloy Steel ◽

Automotive Industry ◽

Temper Embrittlement ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Good Ductility ◽

Steel Mills

Abstract AISI 4032 is a molybdenum alloy steel of moderate hardenability. It is used extensively in the automotive industry. This steel combines moderate strength and hardness with good ductility and toughness in the quenched-and-tempered condition because it is relatively free from temper embrittlement when tempered in the range 850-1100 F. Among its many uses are nuts, bolts, studs, machinery parts and fasteners for the transportation and other industries. AISI 4032H is a similar steel except that it has a slightly wider range of carbon and manganese. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-411. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

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AISI 4161

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.sa0397 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Alloy Steel ◽

Temper Embrittlement ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Low Alloy Steel ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Good Resistance ◽

Hand Tools ◽

High Hardenability ◽

Steel Mills

Abstract AISI 4161 is a low-alloy steel of the chromium-molybdenum type; it contains nominally 0.61% carbon. It has relatively high hardenability and good resistance to abrasion, impact and fatigue. It is an oil-hardening grade and is recommended for moderately heavy-duty service. This steel has a relatively low tendency to develop temper embrittlement when tempered in the approximate range 850-1100 F. Among its many applications are springs, machine-tool parts, shafting, gears, bolts and heavy-duty hand tools. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-397. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

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Improvement of resistance to temper embrittlement of 21/4Cr-1Mo steel plates.

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY ◽

10.2207/qjjws.2.700 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 700-706

Author(s):

Mutsuo Nakanishi ◽

Seiichi Watanabe ◽

Jun Furusawa

Keyword(s):

Temper Embrittlement ◽

Steel Plates

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Effect of Carbide Content on Temper Embrittlement of 2.25Cr1Mo Steel

Volume 7: Operations, Applications and Components ◽

10.1115/pvp2016-63289 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Yian Wang ◽

Guoshan Xie ◽

Zheng Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Qian ◽

Yufeng Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Pressure Vessel ◽

High Stress ◽

Temper Embrittlement ◽

Damage Mechanism ◽

Pressure Vessels ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Low Alloy Steels ◽

Carbide Content

Temper embrittlement is a common damage mechanism of pressure vessels in the chemical and petrochemical industry serviced in high temperature, which results in the reduction of roughness due to metallurgical change in some low alloy steels. Pressure vessels that are temper embrittled may be susceptible to brittle fracture under certain operating conditions which cause high stress by thermal gradients, e.g., during start-up and shutdown. 2.25Cr1-Mo steel is widely used to make hydrogenation reactor due to its superior combination of high mechanical strength, good weldability, excellent high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and oxidation-resistance. However, 2.25Cr-1Mo steel is particularly susceptible to temper embrittlement. In this paper, the effect of carbide on temper embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was investigated. Mechanical properties and the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel were measured by tensile test and impact test. The tests were performed at two positions (base metal and weld metal) and three states (original, step cooling treated and in-service for a hundred thousand hours). The content and distribution of carbides were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The content of Cr and Mo elements in carbide was measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The results showed that the embrittlement could increase the strength and reduce the plasticity. Higher carbide contents appear to be responsible for the higher DBTT. The in-service 2.25Cr-1Mo steel showed the highest DBTT and carbide content, followed by step cooling treated 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, while the as-received 2.25Cr-1Mo steel has the minimum DBTT and carbide content. At the same time, the Cr and Mo contents in carbide increased with the increasing of DBTT. It is well known that the specimen analyzed by SEM is very small in size, sampling SEM specimen is convenient and nondestructive to pressure vessel. Therefore, the relationship between DBTT and the content of carbide offers a feasible nondestructive method for quantitative measuring the temper embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel pressure vessel.

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