The effect of free fatty acid on the reactivity of copper-based catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of fatty acid methyl esters

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Th. van de Scheur ◽  
Guido U-A Sai ◽  
Alfred Bliek ◽  
Leendert H. Staal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Synthesized Kenaf Seed Cake-Based Sulfonated Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu-Ibrahim Akinfalabi ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Thomas Yaw Choong Shean ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi ◽  
Hassen Mohamed Sbihi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Kenaf Seed

Sulfonated kenaf seed cake (SO3H-KSC) catalyst, was synthesized to aid biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). It was chemically activated with phosphoric acid for an impregnation period of 24 h in order to enhance the porosity and the specific surface area of kenaf seed cake (KSC). After the carbonization and sulfonation, the resultant catalyst was characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SO3H-KSC catalyst was amorphous in nature and had an acid density of 14.32 mmol/g, specific surface area of 365.63 m2/g, pore volume of 0.31 cm3/g and pore diameter of 2.89 nm. At optimum esterification conditions--reaction time 90 mins, temperature of 338 K, methanol:PFAD molar ratio of 10:1 and catalyst concentration of 2 wt.%—a free fatty acid (FFA) conversion of 98.7% and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of 97.9% was achieved. The synthesized SO3H-KSC catalyst underwent five reaction cycles while maintaining a fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield and free fatty acid (FFA) conversion of >90%. Thus, the SO3H-KSC catalyst was shown to be an excellent application of bio-based material as a precursor for catalyst synthesis for esterification of PFAD.

scholarly journals Performance of Vachellia Nilotica Seed Oil Bio Fuel with Different Nozzles

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5547-5549
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Acid Methyl

This present study reports about the Acacia nilotica (karuvel) seed oil from which biodiesel for experimenting is produced. The greatest advantage of Karuvel oil is free from the content of fatty acid and so esterification of free fatty acid was done which was then undergone a transesterification process and from which the production of biodiesel was done. The catalyst like Sulphuric acid along with KOH was used as a catalyst and made available for the transesterification process. The gas chromatography and also the physiochemical properties is characterized for the biodiesel which is produced. Unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters are been found in a high value in the Karuvel biodiesel. A detailed report has been given on the Catalyst concentration and reaction time for completing the transesterification process.

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