Effect of oxygen on hydrogen cracking in high-strength weld metal

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shinozaki ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
T. H. North
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Cracking ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Effect of oxygen on hydrogen cracking in high-strength weld metal

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shinozaki ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
T. H. North
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Cracking ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Weld Metal Hydrogen Cracking in Transmission Pipelines Construction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheida Sarrafan ◽  
Farshid Malek Ghaini ◽  
Esmaeel Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Transverse Cracks ◽  
Diffusible Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Cracking ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Welding Position

Developments of high strength steels for natural gas pipelines have been in the forefront of steelmaking and rolling technology in the past decades. However, parallel to such developments in steel industry, the welding technology especially with regards to SMAW process which is still widely used in many projects has not evolved accordingly. Decreasing carbon equivalent has shifted the tendency of hydrogen cracking from the HAZ to the weld metal. Hydrogen cracking due to its complex mechanism is affected by a range of interactive parameters. Experience and data gained from field welding of pipeline construction projects indicated that weld metal hydrogen cracking is related to welding position as it occurs more in the 6 o’clock position of pipeline girth welds. In this research an attempt is made to open up the above observation in order to investigate the contributory factors such as welding position and welding progression in terms of diffusible hydrogen and possibly residual stress considerations. It was observed that transverse cracks produced in laboratory condition may not be detected by radiography. But, the higher tendency for cracking at 6 o’clock position was confirmed through bend test. It is shown that more hydrogen can be absorbed by the weld metal in the overhead position. It is shown that welding progression may also have a significant effect on cracking susceptibility and it is proposed that to be due to the way that weld residual stresses are developed. The observations can have an important impact on planning for welding procedure approval regarding prevention of transverse cracking in pipeline girth welds.

Welding of High Strength Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Bruce ◽  
Jose Ramirez ◽  
Matt Johnson ◽  
Robin Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Cracking ◽  
Mechanized Welding ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Welding Consumables

This paper presents the results of a project jointly funded by PRCI and EWI to evaluate the welding of X100 pipe grades using commercially available welding consumables. The welding trials included manual, semi-automatic and mechanized welding procedures. It was found that the combination of Pulsed GMAW and ER100S-1 (using a mixed shielding gas) produced both excellent Charpy impact and CTOD performance, but could result in undermatched girth welds if the pipe significantly exceeds minimum strength requirements. Although ER120 S-1 provides an additional margin of safety in strength, which should accommodate variations in X-100 pipe properties, the toughness results were marginal at −10°C. The risk of weld metal hydrogen cracking in X100 girth welds was also investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of weld metal composition on impact toughness properties of shielded metal arc welded ultra-high hard armor steel joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
V. Balaguru ◽  
Visvalingam Balasubramanian ◽  
P. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Solidification Mode ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Ferrite Number ◽  
Steel Joints

AbstractNowadays, ultra-high hard armor (UHA) steels are employed in armor tracked vehicle (ATV) construction because of their high hardness, high strength to weight ratio, and excellent toughness. UHA steels are usually welded using austenitic stainless steel (ASS) welding consumables, to avoid hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The use of ASS consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility of hydrogen in the austenitic phase. In this investigation, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of ASS consumables (with different Creq/Nieq ratio) on solidification mode, impact toughness and microstructural characteristics of shielded metal arc (SMA) welded UHA steel joints. The welded joints were characterised based on impact toughness properties, hardness, and microstructural features. As the ferrite number increases with an increase in Creq/Nieq ratio result in different solidification mode (A, FA, F). It is also found that ferrite number of weld metal has appreciable influence on impact toughness and has inversely proportional relationship with impact toughness of the welded joints.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of alloying of weld metal of high-strength aluminium alloy welded joints with scandium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Fedorchuk ◽  
◽  
O.S. Kushnaryova ◽  
T.A. Alekseenko ◽  
Yu.V. Falchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
High Strength

Hydrogen Cracking During Service of High Strength Steel Cannon Components

2009 ◽  
pp. 897-897-16
Author(s):  
JH Underwood ◽  
E Troiano ◽  
GN Vigilante ◽  
AA Kapusta ◽  
S Tauscher
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Cracking

scholarly journals Hydrogen-assisted cracking in GMA welding of high-strength structural steels using the modified spray arc process

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997-2009
Author(s):  
Thomas Schaupp ◽  
Michael Rhode ◽  
Hamza Yahyaoui ◽  
Thomas Kannengiesser
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Gma Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hydrogen Assisted Cracking ◽  
Implant Test

Abstract High-strength structural steels are used in machine, steel, and crane construction with yield strength up to 960 MPa. However, welding of these steels requires profound knowledge of three factors in terms of avoidance of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC): the interaction of microstructure, local stress/strain, and local hydrogen concentration. In addition to the three main factors, the used arc process is also important for the performance of the welded joint. In the past, the conventional transitional arc process (Conv. A) was mainly used for welding of high-strength steel grades. In the past decade, the so-called modified spray arc process (Mod. SA) has been increasingly used for welding production. This modified process enables reduced seam opening angles with increased deposition rates compared with the Conv. A. Economic benefits of using this arc type are a reduction of necessary weld beads and required filler material. In the present study, the susceptibility to HAC in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the high-strength structural steel S960QL was investigated with the externally loaded implant test. For that purpose, both Conv. A and Mod. SA were used with same heat input at different deposition rates. Both conducted test series showed same embrittlement index “EI” of 0.21 at diffusible hydrogen concentrations of 1.3 to 1.6 ml/100 g of arc weld metal. The fracture occurred in the HAZ or in the weld metal (WM). However, the test series with Mod. SA showed a significant extension of the time to failure of several hours compared with tests carried out with Conv. A.

Analysis of Porosity Characteristics in Weld Metal of High Strength Aluminum Alloy and the Effect of Mixed Shielding Gas

2005 ◽  
pp. 309-312
Author(s):  
Xiao Mu Zhang ◽  
Zhi Yong Zhang ◽  
Yun Peng ◽  
Zhi Ling Tian ◽  
Chang Hong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
High Strength Aluminum Alloy
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