Preparation and characterization of polycrystalline lead-exchanged sodium betaII-Alumina and its use as a Pb2+ ion-conducting electrolyte for galvanic cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. Yan ◽  
D. E. Langberg ◽  
W. J. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Ion Conducting

scholarly journals Viral rhodopsins 1 are an unique family of light-gated cation channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Zabelskii ◽  
Alexey Alekseev ◽  
Kirill Kovalev ◽  
Vladan Rankovic ◽  
Taras Balandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Dynamics ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Conducting Pathway ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Large Dna Viruses ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Unique Potential

Abstract Phytoplankton is the base of the marine food chain as well as oxygen and carbon cycles and thus plays a global role in climate and ecology. Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses that infect phytoplankton organisms and regulate the phytoplankton dynamics encompass genes of rhodopsins of two distinct families. Here, we present a functional and structural characterization of two proteins of viral rhodopsin group 1, OLPVR1 and VirChR1. Functional analysis of VirChR1 shows that it is a highly selective, Na+/K+-conducting channel and, in contrast to known cation channelrhodopsins, it is impermeable to Ca2+ ions. We show that, upon illumination, VirChR1 is able to drive neural firing. The 1.4 Å resolution structure of OLPVR1 reveals remarkable differences from the known channelrhodopsins and a unique ion-conducting pathway. Thus, viral rhodopsins 1 represent a unique, large group of light-gated channels (viral channelrhodopsins, VirChR1s). In nature, VirChR1s likely mediate phototaxis of algae enhancing the host anabolic processes to support virus reproduction, and therefore, might play a major role in global phytoplankton dynamics. Moreover, VirChR1s have unique potential for optogenetics as they lack possibly noxious Ca2+ permeability.

Structural and Physical Characterization of Li2O:P2O5:MO3 (M = Cr2, Mo, W) Ion Conducting Glasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V.R. Chowdari ◽  
K.L. Tan ◽  
W.T. Chia
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Phosphate Groups ◽  
Glass Compositions

AbstractThe conductivity of the Li2O:P2O5:MO3 (M = Cr2, Mo, W) glasses increases as P2O5 is progressively substituted by MO3 and as the Li2O content increases. Amongst the glass compositions studied, the 0.50Li2O:0.20P2O5:0.30WO3 glass has the highest conductivity at 25°C of 2. 1×10−6 ×−1 cm−1. The glass transition temperature of the glasses increases initially with network former substitution, reaches a maximum at around MO3/P2O5 = 1, and decreases with further substitution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of M ions in more than one oxidation state and oxygen species such as P=O, P-O-P, P-O, M-O-M, M-O and P-O-M. Raman spectroscopy shows that the Li2O:P2O5:MoO3 and Li2O:P2O5:WO3 glasses consist of PO4, MoO4 (WO4) and MoO6 (WO6) polyhedra while the Li2O:P2O5:Cr2O3 glasses consist of the PO4 and CrO6 polyhedra only. The phosphate groups are preferentially modified by Li2O in comparison with the tungstate, molybdate and chromate groups. The increasing number of non-bridging oxygen atoms per phosphate group may be related to the increasing conductivity with the progressive substitution of MO3 for P2O5.

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