Developing a knock predictive criterion in spark ignition engines fuelled with gaseous fuels

Experimental investigations on the knock rating of gaseous fuels were carried out on a single cylinder SI engine of Lister-Petter make. The Service Methane Number (SMN) of different gas compositions is measured and then compared to the standard Methane Number (MN), calculated by the AVL software. Effects of engine parameters, by mean of the Methane Number Requirement (MNR) are also highlighted. A linear correlation, between the SMN and the MN, has been obtained with a maximum absolute deviation lower than 2 MN units. A prediction correlation giving the MNR from engine parameters has finally been deduced from experimental data with a good accuracy (mean absolute deviation of 0.5 MNR unit).

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Exergetic Analysis of Using the Gaseous Fuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer ◽

10.2514/1.t4300 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 347-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

İsmet Sezer ◽

Atilla Bilgin

Keyword(s):

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Exergetic Analysis

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Knock Rating of Gaseous Fuels

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.1560707 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 500-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

A. A. Attar ◽

G. A. Karim

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Equivalence Ratio ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

The Other ◽

Mixture Composition ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Spark Timing ◽

Methane Number

The knock tendency in spark ignition engines of binary mixtures of hydrogen, ethane, propane and n-butane is examined in a CFR engine for a range of mixture composition, compression ratio, spark timing, and equivalence ratio. It is shown that changes in the knock characteristics of binary mixtures of hydrogen with methane are sufficiently different from those of the binary mixtures of the other gaseous fuels with methane that renders the use of the methane number of limited utility. However, binary mixtures of n-butane with methane may offer a better alternative. Small changes in the concentration of butane produce almost linearly significant changes in both the values of the knock limited compression ratio for fixed spark timing and the knock limited spark timing for a fixed compression ratio.

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An Investigation of the Lean Operational Limits of Gas-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2792708 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 159-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

O. A. Badr ◽

N. Elsayed ◽

G. A. Karim

Keyword(s):

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

Flammability Limit ◽

Flammability Limits ◽

Limit Values ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Mean Temperature ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Mean ◽

Temperature And Pressure

Examination is made of the operational limits in two variable compression-ratio single-cylinder engines when operating on the gaseous fuels methane, propane, LPG, and hydrogen under a wide range of conditions. Two definitions for the limits were employed. The first was associated with the first detectable misfire on leaning the mixture, while the second was the first detectable firing under motoring condition in the presence of a spark when the mixture was being enriched slowly. Attempts were also made to relate these limits to the corresponding values for quiescent conditions reckoned on the basis of the flammability limits evaluated at the mean temperature and pressure prevailing within the cylinder charge at the time of the spark. The measured limits in the engine were always higher than the corresponding flammability limit values for the three fuels. Both of these limits appear to correlate reasonably well with the calculated mean temperature of the mixture at the time of passing the spark.

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Study of dynamic and ecological properties of automotive bi-fuel engine

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.1007/s40095-021-00441-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zdzisław Chłopek ◽

Jakub Lasocki ◽

Hubert Sar

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

The United States ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

High Rotational Speed ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Specific Distance

AbstractGaseous fuels are increasingly used to power internal combustion engines. Spark-ignition engines are fuelled with liquefied petroleum gas. Engines powered by gaseous fuels are characterized by good ecological properties due to the emission of pollutants. The paper presents the results of empirical tests of two passenger cars with spark-ignition engines powered alternatively: with gasoline and LPG fuel. The engines were equipped with fifth generation LPG fuelling systems. The tests were performed on a chassis dynamometer in tests used in approval procedures in Europe (NEDC test) and in the United States of America (FTP-75 test). These tests were the basis for determining the average specific distance emission of pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide) during the tests. The engines were also tested in the conditions of the external speed characteristics while accelerating the car in third gear. It was found that the type of fuelling the engines with both fuels has little influence on the dynamic properties of the engine due to the effective power. The tests clearly showed a decrease in specific distance emission of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The relative reduction in specific distance emission of carbon monoxide was in the order of (45–65)%, and carbon dioxide—about 10%. For hydrocarbons, there was an increase in specific distance emission of hydrocarbons for the fuelling of engines with LPG, while for hydrocarbons, there was a large difference in the value of the relative specific distance emission difference for both tests. (The relative difference was from 25 to 175%.) Specific distance emission of nitrogen oxides turned out to be significantly higher when running engines with LPG. The reason for this is leaning of the fuel mixture at high rotational speed during acceleration of the car, which may result from insufficient conversion efficiency of engine control algorithms in the LPG fuel mode.

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