Economics of sunflower oil production and use in the United States

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. a442-a463 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Trotter ◽  
W. D. Givan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals “Shale Revolution” in the United States as the Main Driver of the World Oil Market Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
S. A. Zolina ◽  
I. A. Kopytin ◽  
O. B. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The U.S

In 2018 the United States surpassed Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the largest world oil producer. The article focuses on the mechanisms through which the American shale revolution increasingly impacts functioning of the world oil market. The authors show that this impact is translated to the world oil market mainly through the trade and price channels. Lifting the ban on crude oil exports in December 2015 allowed the United States to increase rapidly supply of crude oil to the world oil market, the country’s share in the world crude oil exports reached 4,4% in 2018 and continues to rise. The U.S. share in the world petroleum products exports, on which the American oil sector places the main stake, reached 18%. In parallel with increasing oil production the U.S. considerably shrank crude oil import that forced many oil exporters to reorient to other markets. Due to high elasticity of tight oil production to the oil price increases oil from the U.S. has started to constrain the world oil price from above. According to the majority of authoritative forecasts, oil production in the U.S. will continue to increase at least until 2025. Since 2017 the tendency to the increasing expansion of supermajors into American unconventional oil sector has become noticeable, what will contribute to further strengthening of the U.S. position in the world oil market and accelerate its restructuring.  

Enhanced Oil-recovery and Its Environmental and Economic Implications in the United States

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Argyle Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
The Earth

This survey has described the foreseeable environmental and economic impacts of enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) on U.S. oil production between 1980 and 2000. It has indicated that EOR production may be expected to rise from the approximately 4% of total U.S. oil production in 1980, to the projected approximations of 10.5% in 1985, 18.5% in 1990, 23% in 1995, and perhaps 30% in 2000. These percentages are substantial, particularly as this form of oil production has been, up until recently, quite limited. Many of the processes are still in the laboratory stage of development—particularly chemical and microbiological processes. With continued laboratory experimentation and field research, it is possible that the percentages could be even greater than the above suggestions as we reach into the 21st Century.The potential for EOR is very considerable and probably great, as it could involve some two-thirds of all the oil already identified in the United States and assumed to be unrecoverable by primary or secondary means. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has given important incentives to the EOR industry to make such increased production worth while through raising prices to compensate for the cost of equipment, and deducting expenditure on such equipment from a new ‘Windfall Profit Tax’.Along with EOR's economic potential, there are two major ecological dangers: air pollution through thermal processes, and ground-water pollution through chemical processes. It is essential to the well-being of the United States that clean air standards be adhered to, and that the equipment necessary to purify the air (particularly in California) be available and operate to reduce emissions.A great deal more research needs to be undertaken towards developing safeguards to ensure that drinkingwater is not contaminated by dangerous chemicals which may be used in ‘chemical flooding’ of depleted oil-wells. Many of these chemicals have merely ‘come out of the laboratory’ and are sold by chemical companies without sufficient field-testing. How far these chemicals could travel underground must still be determined. It is also important to ensure that carbon dioxide, fed into a geological formation, can be recaptured and re-injected without escaping into the atmosphere, where there is the potential danger of a global ‘greenhouse effect’ upon the world's temperature. Finally, it is important to safeguard the Earth against microbes which could be injected into its geological strata without sufficient knowledge of their impact on the ecology of the Earth. Thus, much environmental research will be called for with these new methods of producing oil for Man's use.This study has reviewed the four major methods of EOR that are currently being utilized or proposed— thermal processes, miscible and semi-miscible processes, chemical processes, and microbiological processes, and found that they could all have ongoing possibilities.Given appropriate environmental safeguards, EOR should become a major force in the production of energy for the United States over the next 20 years, and it seems reasonable to expect that much the same could apply to other parts of the world. However, it is important that safeguarding the environment should guide the DOE in terms of its incentive programmes for specific processes.

List of Current Proceedings: Update

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Offshore Oil Production ◽  
Offshore Oil

On 2 November 1992, Iran filed an application instituting proceedings against the United States in respect of a dispute arising out of the attack on and the destruction of three offshore oil production complexes. In it, Iran contended that these acts constituted a fundamental breach of various provisions of the Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights between the United States and Iran, signed in 1955.

Low oil prices will mar global ethanol usage

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Gasoline Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fuel Blends

Subject Outlook for the global ethanol industry. Significance Before the expansion of US domestic oil production, ethanol was thought to hold potential as a cheaper fuel. The drop in oil prices has resulted in abundant cheap gasoline, making ethanol less competitive in fuel blends. This has consequences for the ethanol industry, whose global output was 97 billion litres in 2015, with the United States (56%) and Brazil (24%) by far the largest producers. Impacts This year should see similar price action to that of 2015. Although below-average margins caused a rationing of production in early 2016, a rebound in margins is likely later this year. Lower prices will lead to additional forward ethanol exports, since corn plantings in the 2016-17 crop year could increase globally. Without a gasoline price rally, the best-case scenario is a low-to-flat price margin environment for ethanol.

Decreasing Supplies, Increasing Risks in Oil Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Shearer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Development ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Offshore Oil

The ongoing, large demand for oil in the United States has helped push oil companies from onshore to offshore, increasing the complexity of the operations and the risks. This has been encouraged by US policy, which has historically encouraged an increase in both national oil demand and domestic oil production. This chapter focuses on expanded offshore oil drilling in the United States and its risks, highlighting the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout. Such events are examples of explicitly “human-caused” disasters that nonetheless can be expected to increase as we resort to lower quality and harder to reach fossil fuels, offering an interesting example of Charles Perrow’s concept of “normal accidents.”

Parliamentary Control over Foreign Policy in The Netherlands

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Baehr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Arab States ◽  
Military Support ◽  
Oil Embargo

THE SUBJECT OF PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL OVER FOREIGN POLICY IN the Netherlands has increased in importance in recent months following the latest Arab-Israeli war and the ensuing reduction in Arab oil production. In addition to their general cutback of oil production, the Arab states singled out the United States and the Netherlands as ‘friends of Israel’ to whom oil supplies were to be limited even further. While the United States seemed an obvious target for such an embargo because of its open political and military support of Israel, opinions still differ as to why the Netherlands received this dubious distinction. The most obvious explanation - the traditional political and moral support for Israel by all Dutch governments, whatever their political composition - has not been universally accepted. Some commentators, including Foreign Minister Van der Stoel, have assumed that the Arab states wanted to put pressure on the entire Western European economy by hitting the important oil retining capacity of Rotterdam. This it was hoped would lead to a demand from economic circles to support the Arab cause. Whatever the underlying reasons, the oil embargo has had important consequences for the economic life of the Netherlands.

Britain, the United States, and the Security of the Sa‘udi Arabian Oilfields in 1942

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726
Author(s):  
Daniel Silverfarb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
German Army

In the spring and summer of 1942 the German military forces in north Africa and southern Russia made significant advances. In June the German army reached EI Alamein, only seventy miles west of Alexandria, while in August the German army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad. As a result of these German advances, Britain, which was the allied country with primary responsibility for defending the Middle East against the Axis powers, became concerned about the possibility that the German air force might attempt to bomb the oilfields and oil refineries in the Middle East in order to deny the oil in that area to the allied governments. Britain was also alarmed about the possibility that, instead of bombing the oil installations, the Germans might attempt to capture them intact in order to utilize the oil for their war machine. In 1942 total Middle Eastern oil production constituted only about six per cent of total world oil production. However, all Middle Eastern oil was refined locally - about two-thirds at Abadan in Iran - and played a vital role in the conduct of British military operations in the Middle East and southeast Asia.1 In 1942 Britain had troops stationed in Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and Bahrain, the four main Middle Eastern oil-producing nations, and thus was well placed to defend and, if necessary, to destroy the oil facilities in those countries. However, at this time Sa'udi Arabia, the remaining Middle Eastern oil producing nation, was a neutral power with no British or American troops stationed on its territory. As a result of Sa'udi neutrality it was difficult for Britain to defend the Sa'udi oilfields against German air attack. It was also difficult for Britain to make the necessary preparations to destroy the Sa'udi oilfields in the event that the German army advanced into the Arabian peninsula. The purpose of this communication will be to discuss the manner in which the British government attempted to deal with these problems. It will also discuss the reaction of the United States government and the American-owned oil company in Sa'udi Arabia to this situation.

Nigeria and the World

Nigeria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Campbell ◽  
Matthew T. Page
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Informed Opinion ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Informed opinion in the United States has long concluded that Nigeria was Africa’s most important country strategically. Factors cited have been its huge population, oil production, contributions to international organizations, leadership in African conflict resolution, and especially, participation in multilateral peacekeeping missions. There has...

Alexandr Serebrovskiĭ and the Modernization of the Soviet Oil Industry—1924 to 1929

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sicotte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Latent Potential

Abstract Baku, the center of the Russian and then Soviet oil industry, represented the raw economic potential of early Soviet industry. At the head of the industry was Alexandr Serebrovskiĭ, head of Azneft, the largest Soviet oil trust, and a pivotal figure in reviving Soviet oil production across the 1920s. His trip to the United States in 1924 and his subsequent plan to restore Baku’s productive capacity via American technology and methodology would not only improve the industry’s output but allow Azneft to directly compete with American oil companies on the international stage, thus demonstrating the latent potential of the Soviet Union for exportation. However, while this project seemed initially successful, it created a difficult fiscal legacy as Azneft became increasingly financially insolvent across the 1920s.

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