Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of long-chain aza, aziridine and azetidine fatty esters

1992 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel S. F. Lie Ken Jie ◽  
M. S. K. Syed-Rahmatullah
1991 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.F. Lie Ken Jie ◽  
Y.K. Cheung ◽  
S.H. Chau ◽  
B.F.Y. Yan

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Tulloch ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer ◽  
P. A. J. Gorin

The yield of extracellular glycolipid produced by Torulopsis magnoliae is increased three-to five-fold by the addition of suitable compounds to the growing culture. The supplement, which can be a long-chain acid, ester, hydrocarbon, or glyceride, is hydroxylated and converted to hydroxy fatty acid sophorosides. Fatty esters of all chain lengths from C16 to C22, including several unsaturated esters, and even-numbered hydrocarbons from C16 to C24 are readily fermented. Shorter-chain compounds are used poorly or not at all. With compounds of 16 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxylation occurs at the terminal or penultimate carbon atom, depending on degree of unsaturation and chain length. Substrates of more than 18 carbon atoms are mainly reduced in chain length by one or more two-carbon units and hydroxylated, giving C17 or C18 acids with the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon atom. The various enzymic reactions which occur during the fermentation are discussed.


1992 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premjit P. Halarnkar ◽  
Jaffar Nourooz-Zadeh ◽  
Eichii Kuwano ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
Bruce D. Hammock

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