Social behavior of the emperor tamarin in captivity: Components of agonistic display and the agonistic network

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Knox ◽  
Donald Stone Sade
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Agonistic Display ◽  
Emperor Tamarin

scholarly journals Primate phageomes are structured by superhost phylogeny and environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (15) ◽  
pp. e2013535118
Author(s):  
Jan F. Gogarten ◽  
Malte Rühlemann ◽  
Elizabeth Archie ◽  
Jenny Tung ◽  
Chantal Akoua-Koffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
In Captivity

Humans harbor diverse communities of microorganisms, the majority of which are bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. These gut bacterial communities in turn host diverse bacteriophage (hereafter phage) communities that have a major impact on their structure, function, and, ultimately, human health. However, the evolutionary and ecological origins of these human-associated phage communities are poorly understood. To address this question, we examined fecal phageomes of 23 wild nonhuman primate taxa, including multiple representatives of all the major primate radiations. We find relatives of the majority of human-associated phages in wild primates. Primate taxa have distinct phageome compositions that exhibit a clear phylosymbiotic signal, and phage–superhost codivergence is often detected for individual phages. Within species, neighboring social groups harbor compositionally and evolutionarily distinct phageomes, which are structured by superhost social behavior. Captive nonhuman primate phageome composition is intermediate between that of their wild counterparts and humans. Phage phylogenies reveal replacement of wild great ape–associated phages with human-associated ones in captivity and, surprisingly, show no signal for the persistence of wild-associated phages in captivity. Together, our results suggest that potentially labile primate-phage associations have persisted across millions of years of evolution. Across primates, these phylosymbiotic and sometimes codiverging phage communities are shaped by transmission between groupmates through grooming and are dramatically modified when primates are moved into captivity.

Social behavior of non-human primates in captivity

1966 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ned Seelye
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Social Structure of Pods' Correlation to Frequency of Repetitive Pacing in Captive Beluga Whales

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianna Perugini ◽  
Jamela Orrego
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Beluga Whale ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Captivity

Beluga whales in captivity currently show signs of mental distress through stereotypical behaviors such as repetitive pacing. It is currently well established that the social structure of beluga whale pods can alter beluga whale social behavior. This study aims to determine how differing social structures of beluga whale pods correlate to the frequency of repetitive pacing. In this context repetitive pacing is when a beluga whale paces three or more laps in the same pattern and direction. To test the hypothesis that beluga whales in larger more diverse pods will repetitively pace less than beluga whales in smaller more uniform pods, a behavioral observation was conducted at Seaworld Orlando and Georgia Aquarium. Over 20 observation periods, the amount of times repetitively paced, amount of laps while repetitively pacing, and the amount of laps repetitively paced per hour were all noted. The results supported the hypothesis, correlating the more diverse pod to less frequent repetitive pacing. These results suggest that pod social structure can play a role in captive beluga whales’ mental wellbeing. On this basis, during future transfers, more diverse pods should be put together to try to limit the amount of repetitive pacing and improve the mental wellbeing of captive beluga whales.

Social behavior of the Guianan cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola) in captivity

Zoo Biology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Susan Duce ◽  
John Brannian
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Social Behavior of Sambar Deer (Rusa Unicolor) in Three Selected Captive Facilities in Peninsular Malaysia

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-546
Author(s):  
Kushaal Selvarajah ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
Geetha Annavi
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Sambar Deer

Sambar deer was up-listed from Least Concern to Vulnerable by the IUCN Red list in 2015. The local government has initiated Ex-situ conservation efforts to boost sambar deer numbers in captivity and reintroduce them into the wild. The reproductive success of sambar deer and their welfare management practices in captivity are important components for effective captive breeding programs. However, there has been a lack of study on sambar deer in recent years, especially about their behavior in captivity. This study aimed to identify environmental factors that may influence the behavior of the captive sambar. Three captive sites were selected and observed for an average of 40 days at each site (minimum 37 days to maximum 43 days, 6 hours/day). A Generalized Linear Model was used to determine the correlation between social behavior and extrinsic parameters. ‘Captive sites’ showed the strongest correlation in behavioral variability environmental settings, such as the size of the enclosure, could force the deer to spend more time in a herd, which increases the frequency in grooming, which was recorded to be highest in Zoo Negara compared to other captive sites. Time of day also significantly influenced certain behavior skewed towards morning slots. It could be due to an adaptive behavior to the feeding time in the captive sites being often in the morning, which caused the deer to rest towards the afternoon. A suggestion would be to create a more erratic feeding schedule to ensure that the deer adapt to behavior variations. An extensive study needs to be done on sambar deer to pinpoint the specifics and better understand these possible influential factors in their behavior.

Social Behavior of a Reproducing Pair of the Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) in Captivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip J. Wojciechowski ◽  
Katarzyna A. Kaszycka ◽  
Milada Řeháková
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
In Captivity

OBSERVATIONS ON THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF TREE SHREWS IN CAPTIVITY

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Sorenson ◽  
C.H. Conaway
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Imitation Predicts Social Favor in Adolescent Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Anderson ◽  
Erin L Kinnally
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Sample Set

AbstractObjectivesImitation is a highly conserved component of animal behavior with multifaceted connections to sociality across taxa. One intriguing consequence of imitation in primates is that it promotes positive social feedback from the imitated toward the imitator. This suggests that imitation in primates may facilitate positive social interactions, but few studies have tracked imitation in socially housed primates. Here, we designed a novel ethogram to characterize imitation between conspecifics, to better understand whether imitation is associated with affiliation between primates in a semi-natural setting.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 15 juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were observed at the California National Primate Research Center. Using focal sampling, frequencies of imitative events (e.g. following, postural mimicry, etc.) by the focal were observed over a course of 12 weeks. In separate observations, focal social behavior (e.g. aggression, play, etc.) was also observed.ResultsSubjects that exhibited higher degrees of imitation were not necessarily more prosocial, but, consistent with our hypothesis, they received significantly more play overtures from social partners (p<.01). In addition, imitation rates generally decrease with age.ConclusionsTogether, these results suggest that imitation is associated with receiving positive social behavior in a complex, semi-natural setting in primates, and that imitation may be more common in adolescence as opposed to adulthood. These preliminary results in a small sample set represent an important step in characterizing imitation in context of social interactions during development. Tracking these behaviors over time will elucidate whether imitation is directly recruiting these positive social interactions, as has been demonstrated in captivity.

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