The effect of “peaking” the ethylene oxide distribution on the performance of alcohol ethoxylates and ether sulfates

1990 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates

Mercarbide Catalyst for Alcohol Ethoxylation

2020 ◽  
pp. 330-339
Author(s):  
Ella O. Butenko ◽  
Alexey E. Kapustin
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
The Difference

Mercarbide catalyst was studied for the ethoxylation of methanol and 1-heptanol. Mercarbide catalyst is very active for the narrow-range ethoxylation of 1-heptanol. The narrow distribution of ethoxylation units in the ethoxylates is elucidated by the constrained reaction on the mercarbide catalyst. In the proposed surface reaction scheme, the following points are presented. The relatively basic reactants, ethylene oxide and alcohols or ethoxylates, are adsorbed on the relatively acidic sites of the surface. There is a decrease of ethoxylation rate in each additional ethylene oxide insertion step, due to a smaller number of the ethylene oxide molecules adsorbed near the growing point of alcohol ethoxylates. The difference in ethylene oxide insertion rates with the numbers of oxyethylene units in the ethoxylate products causes peaking of the distribution

Ethylene Oxide Distribution in Industrial Alcohol Ethoxylates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimesh Poddar ◽  
Tommy Hamilton ◽  
George Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates

The prediction of ethylene oxide distributions in mixed alcohol ethoxylates

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Geissler ◽  
Adrain E. Johnson ◽  
Larry D. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylates

The Structure of Radiation Cross-Linked Poly (ethylene oxide) Gels

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
C. E. Cluthe ◽  
G. G. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Free Radical Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Initial Viscosity

Aqueous solutions of a 1 weight-per cent poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were degassed under vacuum, transferred to a parallel plate viscometer under a nitrogen gas blanket, and exposed to Co60 gamma radiation. The Co60 source was rated at 4000 curies, and the dose ratewas 3.8x105 rads/hr. The poly (ethylene oxide) employed in the irradiations had an initial viscosity average molecular weight of 2.1 x 106.The solutions were gelled by a free radical reaction with dosages ranging from 5x104 rads to 4.8x106 rads.

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