AOCS method Ce 1c-89 underestimates thetrans-octadecenoate content in favor of thecis isomers in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

1992 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. N. Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Aocs Method ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

scholarly journals From Denmark to Delhi: the multisectoral challenge of regulatingtransfats in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna M Downs ◽  
Anne Marie Thow ◽  
Suparna Ghosh-Jerath ◽  
Justin McNab ◽  
K Srinath Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

AbstractObjectiveIndia has proposed legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and mandatingtransfat labelling in an effort to reduce intakes. The objective of the present study was to examine the complexities of regulatingtransfat in India by examining the policy processes involved and the perceived implementation challenges.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n18) were conducted with key informants from various sectors. Interviewees were asked about sources oftransfat in the food supply, existing policies that may influencetransfats and perceived challenges related to the proposedtransfat regulation, in addition to questions tailored to their area of expertise. Interview data were organised based on common themes.SettingInterviews were conducted in India.SubjectsInterviewees were key informants from various sectors including agriculture, trade, industry and health.ResultsSeveral themes were identified related to the complexity of regulatingtransfat in India. A lack oftransfat awareness, the large unorganised retail sector, a need for suitable alternative products that are both acceptable to consumers and affordable, and a need to build capacity were crucial factors affecting India's ability to successfully regulatetransfat. The limited number of food inspectors will create an additional challenge in terms of enforcement oftransfat regulation.ConclusionsAlthough India will face challenges in regulatingtransfat, legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils will likely be the most effective approach to reducing it in the food supply. Ongoing engagement with industry, agriculture, trade and processing sectors will prove essential in terms of product reformulation.

Determination of ultratrace metals in hydrogenated vegetable oils and fats

1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Nash ◽  
T. L. Mounts ◽  
W. F. Kwolek
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

scholarly journals Consumption and Health Effects of Trans Fatty Acids: A Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1250-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Mohan Teegala ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

Abstract Consumption of industrially produced Trans fatty acids (TFA) remains high in many populations, particularly in developing nations where partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are frequently used for home cooking and among individuals in developed countries having high intakes of bakery or processed foods. Well-controlled observational studies and randomized trials indicate that TFA consumption adversely affects multiple risk factors for chronic diseases, including numerous blood lipids and lipoproteins, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and possibly insulin resistance, diabetes, and adiposity. Growing evidence for the latter effects is particularly concerning given the worldwide obesity pandemic and high contents of industrially produced TFA in many foods marketed toward children. Consistent evidence from prospective observational studies of habitual TFA consumption and retrospective observational studies using TFA biomarkers indicates that TFA consumption increases risk of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on the adverse effects of risk factors and consistent relationships with clinical endpoints, the evidence that TFA consumption increases CHD risk is convincing. Some evidence suggests that TFA consumption may also increase other disease outcomes, but further investigation is needed to confirm the presence and magnitude of such effects. More research is also needed to understand how specific TFA isomers of varying chain length and double bond location may affect different biologic pathways of disease. Both individual- and policy-level initiatives to decrease TFA consumption should continue, particularly in population subgroups and in developing nations with high consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.

scholarly journals Reducing Oil Separation in Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Andrea Zuzarte ◽  
Melody Mui ◽  
Maria Isabel Ordiz ◽  
Jacklyn Weber ◽  
Kelsey Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Oil Separation ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils ◽  
Medicinal Food ◽  
Shelf Stable ◽  
Therapeutic Food

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a shelf-stable, low moisture, energy dense medicinal food composed of peanut butter, vegetable oils, milk powder, a multiple micronutrient premix and sugar. RUTF is used by millions of children annually to treat malnutrition. After mixing, RUTF is a semisolid covered with oil. To produce a homogenous RUTF, hydrogenated vegetable oils are incorporated in small quantities. This study utilized a benchtop methodology to test the effect of RUTF ingredients on oil separation. An acceptable oil separation was <4%. This method compared 15 different vegetable oil stabilizers with respect to oil separation. The dynamic progression of oil separation followed a Michaelis–Menten pattern, reaching a maximum after 60 days when stored at 30 °C. Hydrogenated vegetable oils with triglyceride or 50% monoglycerides reduced the oil separation to acceptable levels. The additive showing the largest reduction in oil separation was used in an industrial trial, where it also performed acceptably. In conclusion, fully hydrogenated soybean and rapeseed oil added as 1.5% controlled oil separation in RUTF.

Determination of trans Unsaturation by Infrared spectrophotometry and Determination of Fatty Acid Composition of Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats by Gas Chromatography/Infrared Spectrophotometry: Collaborative Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakisundera M N Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Trans Content ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

Abstract An infrared spectrophotometric (IR) method for the determination of total trans unsaturated fatty acid (trans) content and a combined gas–liquid chromatographic/infrared spectrophotometric (GC/IR) method for determination of fatty acid composition of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) were studied collaboratively in 12 laboratories using 7 PHVO samples, including 1 pair of blind duplicates. The test samples were methylated and analyzed for total trans content by IR and for fatty acid composition by GC/IR using a capillary column coated with SP-2560 or another suitable cyanoalkylsiloxane stationary phase. From the measured IR absorption, the isolated trans content was calculated using a calibration curve of absorption versus trans content developed with 2-component calibration standard mixtures of methyl elaidate and oleate. The GC provided the levels of mono-trans-octadecadienoates (18:2t), di-trans-octadecadienoates (18:2tt) and mono-trans-octadecatrienoates (18:3t). The trans-octadecenoate (18:1t) content was calculated with the formula: 18:1t = IR trans−0.84 × (18:2t + 18:3t − 1.74 × 18:2tt. The cisoctadecenoate (18:1c) content was obtained as the difference between total octadecenoates (18:1) and 18:1t. Reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) for 15 to 35% trans content determined by IR were in the range of 8.8–11.7%, whereas RSDR for the test sample with 5% trans content was 34.6%. RSDR values for 18:1t by the GC/IR followed the same pattern as that of IR trans values: 36.4% for the test sample with 4.9% 18:1t versus 7.8–12.5% for test samples with 14.9 to 32.6% 18:1t. The content of 18:1 c in the test samples varied from 24.7 to 34.5% and their RSDR values ranged from 3.8 to 10.5%. The mean values for 18:1t and 18:1c compared favorably with the absolute levels determined by a silver nitrate-thin layer chromatography/GC procedure. The IR and GC/IR methods are recommended for determination of trans content and fatty acid composition, respectively, of partially hydrogenated fats derived from vegetable oils, terrestrial animal fats or such oils and fats isolated from food products containing &gt;5% trans fatty acids. For samples containing ≤5% trans fatty acids, a direct GC method (American Oil Chemists' Society Official Method Ce 1c-89) is available for determination of both trans content and fatty acid composition, because at lower trans levels, overlap of 18:1 cis and trans isomers on GC with very polar capillary columns is negligible. The IR method for determination of isolated trans unsaturated fatty acid content in partially hydrogenated fats and the capillary GC/IR method for determination of total cis- and trans-octadecenoic isomers and general fatty acid composition in hydrogenated vegetable oils and animal fats have been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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