The effect of incubation temperature on yolk lipid parameters during embryonic development of the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Lipids ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
D. C. Deeming ◽  
M. W. J. Ferguson ◽  
R. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Yolk Lipid ◽  
Lipid Parameters

scholarly journals Incubation history prior to the canonical thermosensitive period determines sex in the American alligator

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A McCoy ◽  
Benjamin B Parrott ◽  
Thomas R Rainwater ◽  
Phillip M Wilkinson ◽  
Louis J Guillette
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Development Temperature ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Thermosensitive Period

Despite the widespread occurrence of environmental sex determination (ESD) among vertebrates, our knowledge of the temporal dynamics by which environmental factors act on this process remains limited. In many reptiles, incubation temperature determines sex during a discrete developmental window just prior to and coincident with the differentiation of the gonads. Yet, there is substantial variation in sex ratios among different clutches of eggs incubated at identical temperatures during this period. Here, we test the hypothesis that temperatures experienced prior to the reported thermosensitive period for alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) can impact how the sex determination system responds to thermal cues later in development. Temperature shift experiments on eggs collected from the field within 24 h of oviposition were employed to decouple various maternal influences from thermal effects, and results demonstrate a previously undefined window of thermosensitivity occurring by stage 15 of embryonic development, six stages earlier than previously reported. We also examine the intrasexual expression of several male- and female-biased genes and show that while male-biased genes display no intrasexual differences, ovarian CYP19A1 (aromatase) transcript abundance differs by approximately twofold depending on thermal exposures experienced at early stages of embryonic development. These findings expand our understanding of the ESD in the alligator and provide the rationale for reevaluation of the temporal dynamics of sex determination in other crocodilians.

scholarly journals Reproductive strategy, egg characteristics and embryonic development of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Domínguez-Petit ◽  
Patrick Ouellet ◽  
Yvan Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Greenland Halibut ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Greenland Halibut Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides ◽  
Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides

Abstract Domínguez-Petit, R., Ouellet, P., and Lambert, Y. 2013. Reproductive strategy, egg characteristics and embryonic development of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 342–351. Despite the commercial importance of Greenland halibut (GH), important gaps exist in our knowledge of the reproductive and early life stage biology for this species. The present study examined through laboratory experiments the spawning strategy, realized fecundity, egg characteristics, biochemical composition, and embryonic development of GH. The results confirmed the hypothesis that GH is a single-batch spawner producing large eggs, resulting in low realized fecundity. Embryonic development and hatching time are highly dependent on incubation temperature; 50% hatching occurred after 46, 30, and 24 days at 2, 4, and 6°C, respectively. Few changes in the biochemical composition of the eggs are observed during embryonic development. Newly hatched larvae are not well developed, having a large yolk sac, no pigmentation and incomplete development of the jaws. Egg specific density confirmed the mesopelagic distribution of the eggs at sea. However, important buoyancy changes occurring in the last 3–4 days before hatching indicate that larvae hatch higher in the water column. These results are important for understanding advection and dispersion processes of GH eggs and larvae and the connectivity between spawning grounds and nursery areas.

scholarly journals The influence of difference temperature against the rate of embryonic development and larval abnormality of Cantik Grouper (Epinephelus sp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Aprisianus Julkarman Simbolon ◽  
Ganjar Adhywirawan Sutarjo ◽  
Hariyadi Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Difference Temperature ◽  
F 31

Cantikgrouper is the hybridization results grouper or cross-breeding between Epinephelus fuscoguttatus as a female and Epinephelus microdon as a male. The main barriers faced in the development of this commodity is still low levels of spawning up to seeding grouper. Based on the background, this study aimed to investigate optimum temperature observations against the rate of embryonic development Epinephelus sp.larvae. This study used the results of artificial spawning eggs.The fertilized eggs were incubated on six pieces of the container temperature treatment;each treatment there was repeated three times.The incubation temperature was kept on (A) 21-22°C; (B) 23-24°C; (C) 25-26°C; (D) 27-28°C; (E) 29-30°C; (F) 31-32°C. Results showed that eggswere incubated at a temperature of 21-22 ℃ embryonic development to a halt in the blastula, and temperature 23-24°C stalled on phasemyomere embryos. The low-temperature incubation period lasts a long time. Temperature 25-26°C needed 18 hours 6 minutes by 8.33% abnormality rate. Temperature 27-28°C needed 16 hours to hatch witha degree of abnormality of 7.6%. Temperature 29-30°C needed 15 hours 1 minute for the hatch tothe degree of abnormality of 5.33%. The 31-32°C temperature needed 14 hours 6 minutes to hatch witha degree of abnormality of 17.3%. The limits of tolerance for the incubation of the eggs ofcantik grouper (Epinephelusspp.) were 26-32°C.The best temperature of each treatment were obtained at a temperature of 29-30°C. Based on our results, it concluded that the changing temperature affected how long eggs could hatch.

Thermal influence on the embryonic development and hatching rate of the flameback pygmy angelfish Centropyge aurantonotus eggs

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Raoani Cruz Mendonça ◽  
Sarah Pittigliani Ikebata ◽  
Sérgio Leandro Araújo-Silva ◽  
João Vitor Azevedo Manhães ◽  
Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
Hatching Rates

SummaryThe flameback pygmy angelfish Centropyge aurantonotus, highly appreciated and valued by the aquarium market, is heavily harvested and traded. Temperature is one of the abiotic factors that has the most influence on fish development, especially in the early stages of life. For captive production, it is essential to know the appropriate environmental parameters for each species. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the embryonic development and hatching rates of C. aurantonotus incubated at six different temperatures (20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30°C). Embryonic development events were very similar in terms of morphological and chronological characteristics compared with other species of the genus Centropyge. Incubation time was inversely proportional to temperature. The treatment at 22°C required twice the time of that required by 30°C treatment for hatching to occur. The best incubation temperature range was 24–28°C. Values below 22°C and at 30°C showed lower hatching rates compared with other treatments. Based on these results, the recommended temperature at which to incubate C. aurantonotus eggs is between 24–28°C.

Environmental regulation of sex determination in reptiles

1988 ◽  
Vol 322 (1208) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Determining Factor

The various patterns of environmental sex determination in squamates, chelonians and crocodilians are described. High temperatures produce males in lizards and crocodiles but females in chelonians. Original experiments on the effects of incubation at 30 °C (100% females) or 33 °C (100% males) on development in Alligator mississippiensis are described. These include an investigation of the effect of exposing embryos briefly to a different incubation temperature on the sex ratio at hatching, and a study of the effects of 30 °C and 33 °C on growth and development of alligator embryos and gonads. A 7-day pulse of one temperature on the background of another was insufficient to alter the sex ratio dramatically. Incubation at 33 °C increased the rate of growth and development of alligator embryos. In particular, differentiation of the gonad at 33 °C was enhanced compared with 30 °C. A hypothesis is developed to explain the mechanism of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in crocodilians. The processes of primary sex differentiation are considered to involve exposure to a dose of some male-determining factor during a specific quantum of developmental time during early incubation. The gene that encodes for the male- determining factor is considered to have an optimum temperature (33 °C). Any change in the temperature affects the expression o f this gene and affects the dose or quantum embryos are exposed to. In these cases there is production of females by default. The phylogenetic implications of TSD for crocodilians, and reptiles in particular, are related to the life history of the animal from conception to sexual maturity. Those animals that develop under optimal conditions grow fastest and largest and become male. A general association between the size of an animal and its sex is proposed for several types of vertebrate.

scholarly journals Improved genome assembly of American alligator genome reveals conserved architecture of estrogen signaling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Rice ◽  
Satomi Kohno ◽  
John St. John ◽  
Son Pham ◽  
Jonathan Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
American Alligator

AbstractThe American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, like all crocodilians, has temperature-dependent sex determination, in which the sex of an embryo is determined by the incubation temperature of the egg during a critical period of development. The lack of genetic differences between male and female alligators leaves open the question of how the genes responsible for sex determination and differentiation are regulated. One insight into this question comes from the fact that exposing an embryo incubated at male-producing temperature to estrogen causes it to develop ovaries. Because estrogen response elements are known to regulate genes over long distances, a contiguous genome assembly is crucial for predicting and understanding its impact.We present an improved assembly of the American alligator genome, scaffolded with in vitro proximity ligation (Chicago) data. We use this assembly to scaffold two other crocodilian genomes based on synteny. We perform RNA sequencing of tissues from American alligator embryos to find genes that are differentially expressed between embryos incubated at male-versus female-producing temperature. Finally, we use the improved contiguity of our assembly along with the current model of CTCF-mediated chromatin looping to predict regions of the genome likely to contain estrogen-responsive genes. We find that these regions are significantly enriched for genes with female-biased expression in developing gonads after the critical period during which sex is determined by incubation temperature. We thus conclude that estrogen signaling is a major driver of female-biased gene expression in the post-temperature sensitive period gonads.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION PROFILE OF SEX DETERMINATION GENE, BIOREPRODUCTION, PHENOTYPE, AND LOCOMOTORY PERFORMANCES OF OLIVE RIDLEY, Lepidochelys olivacea INDUCED BY DIFFERENT INCUBATION TEMPERATURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred O. M. Dima ◽  
Dedy D. Solihin ◽  
Wasmen Manalu ◽  
Arief Boediono
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

<p><em>S</em><em>ex determination </em><em>in turtle species </em><em>is not only based on genotype, but also rely on the incubation temperature. In addition, sexual differentiation takes place during the thermo-sensitive period (TSP). This study was conducted to determine the effects of incubation temperature on </em><em>sex </em><em>expression profile of determination gene, bioreproduction, </em><em> phenotype</em><em>, and locomotory performances  of olive ridley turtle hatchlings. Fertile eggs incubated at two temperatures, namely feminine temperature (30-33°C), and masculine temperature (26-27°C). Value of cycle threshold (C<sub>T</sub>) measured during TSP, i.e 23-25 embryonic development stage, and after TSP, i.e 26-27 embryonic development stage using real time PCR techniques. Comparison of gene expression at both incubation temperatures were analyzed by ANOVA, and Student’s t test. Hatchling bioreproduction and phenotype measurement consist of the incubation period, embryo growth, morphometrics, and locomotori performances hatchlings were analyzed with regression analysis and Student’s t test. The results showed expression of both aromatase and Rspond 1 genes (which plays a role in ovarian differentiation) after the TSP that incubated at feminine temperature higher and different with masculine temperature. In conjunction with the  bioreproduction and phenotype, the incubation period of feminine temperature shorter than that of masculine. Likewise, growth of the embryo of feminine temperature was faster than that of masculine. Incubation at feminine temperature significantly affect to carapace width, length and width of the plastron, long flippers and rear arms, long neck, and the frequency of the swing flippers.</em><em> </em></p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>thermo-sensitive period (TSP), gene expression, phenotype, Lepidochelys olivacea</em>

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