Autoxidation of tissue lipids. I. Incorporation of dietary fatty acids and formation of monocarbonyl compounds in adipose tissue lipids of the vitamin E-deficient rat

Lipids ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Derrick ◽  
Lawrence A. Wishner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids

scholarly journals Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, breed and dietary vitamin E on the fatty acids of lamb muscle, liver and adipose tissue

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Demirel ◽  
A. M. Wachira ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The effect of feeding n-3 PUFA on the fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver of lambs was investigated. Groups of eight ram lambs per breed, Suffolk×Lleyn (24kg live weight) and Scottish Blackface (18kg live weight), were each fed one of six diets containing one of three fat sources (50g fatty acids/kg DM; Megalac® (calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK) and formaldehyde-treated whole linseed (Trouw Nutrition UK, Northwich, Ches., UK) either alone or with fish oil (1:1, w/w) and either 100 or 500mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Feed was offered ad libitum until slaughter at approximately half breed mature live weight. The type of dietary fat had no effect on intake, growth rate or feed conversion ratio. The 3·0-fold higher concentration of 18:3n-3 in the linseed compared with the Megalac® diet approximately doubled (P<0·001) the concentration in the neutral and polar lipid fractions of musculus semimembranosus and liver, and in adipose tissue it increased 2·5-fold. Feeding protected linseed also increased (P<0·001) concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3 in muscle polar lipids and both lipid fractions of liver. The linseed–fish oil raised the 20:5n-3 concentrations above those for the linseed diet and also increased 22:6n-3. Scottish Blackface lambs had lower concentrations of 18:3n-3 in all lipids compared with Suffolk x Lleyn lambs, but more 20:5n-3 in the polar lipids of muscle and liver. High levels of dietary vitamin E were associated with small decreases in the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids and increases in PUFA. Linseed raised the PUFA:saturated fatty acid ratios in liver and adipose tissue but not in muscle, and improved the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio, as did the linseed–fish oil. Different combinations of dietary fatty acids and better protection against rumen biohydrogenation are required to improve muscle PUFA:saturated fatty acids ratios.

Influence of dietary fatty acids on adipose tissue composition and subsequent eating quality of finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
M S Redshaw ◽  
J Wiseman ◽  
D J A Cole ◽  
J D Wood ◽  
M Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Tissue Composition

It is well established that the fatty acid combustion of adipose issue in pigs (non-ruminants) may be manipulated by changes in the fatty acid profile of the diets. The objective of this program of work was to quantify the responses of adipose depots of finishing pigs to changes in the level and profile of dietary fatty acids and to relate these changes to the sensory quality of meat as determined by taste panel.

scholarly journals Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Oller do Nascimento ◽  
Eliane B. Ribeiro ◽  
Lila M. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism

Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.

scholarly journals The role of dietary fatty acids for early human adipose tissue growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 549S-555S ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hauner ◽  
Stefanie Brunner ◽  
Ulrike Amann-Gassner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Human

The effects of fat source and breed on the fatty acid composition of lamb muscle and adipose tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 115-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Wachira ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
G. Demirel ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

The benefits of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to human health, especially those of the n-3 series are now widely recognised. In a previous experiment (Wachira et al. 1998) supplementing diets with whole linseed or fish oil increased n-3 fatty acid levels in lamb muscle. To raise these further the whole linseed can be treated with formaldehyde to increase protection in the rumen. Dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E can control lipid oxidation but information on their effects on lamb performance and fatty acid composition is limited. The current experiments investigated the effects of different dietary PUFA sources and vitamin E levels on growth and fatty acid composition in two sheep breeds. Detailed results of the effects of vitamin E are presented in the accompanying abstract by Enser et al.

Patterns of substrate utilization from birth to weaning

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
J. M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Young Animal ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

AbstractStrategies to reduce the relatively high incidence of death and disease in young animals must be based on an understanding of the particular metabolic requirements in the period from birth to weaning. In this period, substrate availability and the pathways of substrate utilization differ from those of the foetus and of the adult. Metabolic requirements must be met from the energy stores laid down before birth and from the nutrients present in colostrum and milk. The young animal has a large glucose demand and after exhaustion of hepatic glycogen reserves this must be met by gluconeogenesis. Initiation of gluconeogenesis requires concomitant oxidation of fatty acids, either derived from adipose tissue or from the diet. The young animal is particularly susceptible to hypothermia. Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue uses fatty acids to uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation and also as the major oxidative substrate. In addition, non-shivering thermogenesis is dependent on a minimum concentration of circulating glucose. Shivering thermogenesis is initially fuelled by oxidation of intra-muscular glycogen and then primarily by dietary fat. Growth of white adipose tissue by deposition of dietary fatty acids is an important feature of the metabolism of many species before weaning and this may have several survival advantages.

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

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