Best invariant covariance component estimators and its application to the generalize multivariate adjustment of heterogeneous deformation observations

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Schaffrin
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Adjustment ◽  
Covariance Component ◽  
Heterogeneous Deformation

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and kidney stones in US adults: Data from the NHANES 2007-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Chichen Zhang ◽  
Shi Qiu ◽  
Haiyang Bian ◽  
Bowen Tian ◽  
Haoyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Multivariate Adjustment ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective: We evaluate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and kidney stones. Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary intake information was assessed using first 24-HR dietary recall interviews, and the Kidney Conditions was presented by questionnaire. The primary outcome was to investigate the association between DII and incidence of kidney stones, and the secondary outcome was to assess the association between DII and nephrolithiasis recurrence. Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2016. Participants: The study included 25984 NHANES participants, whose data on DII and kidney stones were available, of whom 2439 reported a history of kidney stones. Results: For the primary outcome, after fully multivariate adjustment, DII score is positively associated with the risk of kidney stones (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: [1.04–1.10]). Then, compared Q4 with Q1, a significant 38% increased likelihood of nephrolithiasis was observed. (OR=1.38; 95% CI: [1.19–1.60]). For the secondary outcome, the multivariate regression analysis showed that DII score is positively correlated with nephrolithiasis recurrence (OR=1.07; 95% CI: [1.00–1.15]). The results noted that higher DII scores (Q3 and Q4) are positively associated with a significant 48% and 61% increased risk of nephrolithiasis recurrence compared with the reference after fully multivariate adjustment. (OR=1.48; 95% CI: [1.07–2.05]; OR=1.61; 95% CI: [1.12–2.31]). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that increased intake of pro-inflammatory diet, as a higher DII score, is correlated with increased odds of kidney stones incidence and recurrence.

Abstract T P48: Intravenous Thrombolysis Using Low-Dose Alteplase for Nonagenarians with Acute Ischemic Stroke: The SAMURAI rtPA Registry

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikito Hayakawa ◽  
Masatoshi Koga ◽  
Shoichiro Sato ◽  
Shoji Arihiro ◽  
Yoshiaki Shiokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Multivariate Adjustment ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Objective: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) using alteplase for octogenarians with acute ischemic stroke becomes relatively familiar, it is unclear whether IVT for nonagenarians is a futile intervention. The purpose of this study is to clarify the efficacy and safety of IVT using low-dose alteplase (0.6 mg/kg) for nonagenarians compared with octogenarians. Methods: Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk-factor Assessment and Improvement (SAMURAI) rtPA registry retrospectively collected 600 consecutive acute stroke patients receiving IVT from 10 Japanese stroke centers between October 2005 and July 2008. We extracted all octogenarians (O group) and nonagenarians (N group) from the registry. We compared baseline characteristics, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), and 3-month outcomes between the groups. 3-month outcomes include; functional independence (FI) defined as a mRS score 0-2, good outcome (GO) as a mRS score 0-2 or same as the premorbid mRS, poor outcome (PO) defined as a mRS score 5-6, and death. Results: Twenty-five nonagenarians (mean age, 93 years) and 124 octogenarians (mean age, 84 years) were included. N group was more female-predominant (76% versus 56%, p=0.06) and premorbidly dependent (44% versus 14%, p<0.001) than O group. There were no significant differences of median baseline NIHSS score (16 versus 14, p=0.95) and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (9 versus 9, p=0.36) between the groups. The rate of FI tended to be lower in N group than O group (16% versus 36%, p=0.06), otherwise, the differences of the rates of GO (28% versus 37%, p=0.39), PO (40% versus 36%, p=0.73), death (20% versus 11%, p=0.23) and SICH (0% versus 2.4%, p=1.00) were not significant between the groups. In comparison with O group, N group was not associated with 3-month clinical outcomes (FI; OR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.15-2.42, GO; 0.98; 0.31-3.07, PO; 0.63; 0.15-2.70, death; 3.18; 0.62-16.3) and SICH (0.68; 0.17-2.69) after multivariate adjustment. Conclusions: IVT using low-dose alteplase for N group resulted in less frequent achievement of FI mainly because of more premorbid dependency than O group, however, showed at least a similar safety and a potential efficacy.

Recent Developments in Gradient Plasticity—Part II: Plastic Heterogeneity and Wavelets

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraam A. Konstantinidis ◽  
Elias C. Aifantis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Gradient Theory ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gradient Plasticity ◽  
Slip Step ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Heterogeneous Deformation

Wavelet analysis is used for describing heterogeneous deformation in different scales. Slip step height experimental measurements of monocrystalline alloy specimens subjected to compression are considered. The experimental data are subjected to discrete wavelet transform and the spatial distribution of deformation in different scales (resolutions) is calculated. At the finer scale the wavelet analyzed data are identical to the experimental measurements, while at the coarser scale the profile predicted by the wavelet analysis resembles the shear band solution profile provided by gradient theory in agreement with experimental observations. The different data sets provided by wavelet analysis are used to train a neural network in order to predict the spatial distribution of strain at resolutions higher than those possible by the available experimental probes. In addition, applications of wavelet analysis to interpret size effect data in torsion and bending at the micron scale are examined by deriving scale-dependent constitutive equations which are used for this purpose.

Variable magnetic fabrics under heterogeneous deformation across a shallow fault zone in the Iberian Chain (Monroyo thrust, N Spain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Vernet ◽  
Antonio M. Casas-Sainz ◽  
Teresa Román-Berdiel ◽  
Marcos Marcén ◽  
M. Cinta Osácar
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Magnetic Fabrics ◽  
Iberian Chain ◽  
Heterogeneous Deformation

scholarly journals Simulated Treatment Comparison (STC) of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (Remestemcel-L, REM) and Ruxolitinib (RUX) for Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (SR aGVHD) Pediatric Patients

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4545-4545
Author(s):  
Tracy Westley ◽  
Dimitrios Tomaras ◽  
Eric Strati ◽  
Donna Skerrett ◽  
Anna Forsythe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Covariate Adjustment ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Multivariate Adjustment ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Grade Iii

Introduction: Allo-HSCT was performed on 1771 US children in 2016. SR aGVHD is a life-threatening complication of allo-HSCT associated with substantial healthcare costs and significant reductions in pediatric QOL. Grade II-IV aGVHD occurs in 39-59% of allo-HSCT recipients. While steroids are typically used 1st line, there is no formal 2nd line consensus. RUX has been approved in SR aGVHD patients ≥12 yrs based on results of a single-arm P2 REACH 1 trial where the lower limit of the age range was 18 yrs per the FDA label. The 12 yr age limit of FDA approval was based on a bioequivalence study. Indirect comparisons of RUX trial data vs novel late stage investigational therapies with exclusively pediatric trial data can thus inform future coverage decisions and budget assessments. Recently, a single-arm P3 trial reported efficacy and safety outcomes with REM (investigational agent) in pediatric SR aGVHD. As there are no head-to-head studies comparing RUX to REM, we compared efficacy and safety outcomes between treatments in a statistically robust manner to aid clinical and reimbursement decisions. Methods: Following NICE Decision Support Unit STC guidelines, regression techniques were used to adjust individual patient-level data from the REM P3 trial to mutually reported baseline (BL) characteristics from the RUX FDA Package Insert (PI)/REACH 1 trial data (2018 ASH Abstract #601). The stepwise model included adjustment for: ethnicity (white), aGVHD grade, and sex. Outcomes of interest included 28-day ORR, 28-day ORR in patients with grade III-IV aGVHD at baseline (BL) from comparable populations (n=49 RUX FDA PI/ n=55 REM), and TEAEs of any grade mutually reported in RUX published data (REACH 1 )/REM trial data (n=71 RUX REACH 1 /n=54 REM). Since the REM trial was limited to pediatric patients, and the youngest patient was 18 yrs in the RUX trial, statistical adjustment for age was unfeasible. Based on RUX approval in patients ≥12 yrs, we assumed that trial populations were comparable despite age differences. Within the REM study, no statistical association was found between age and 28-day ORR or safety in univariate analysis, further validating this assumption. The lack of statistical adjustment for age is, however, a limitation of this analysis. Further limitations include the small sample size of both trials and the small number of endpoints available in the RUX label for comparison. Results: In the full population set for 28-day ORR, the RR of REM vs. RUX was calculated as 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.63; p=0.21) without any covariate adjustment based on ORRs of 69.1% and 57.1% (n=49 RUX FDA PI), respectively. After multivariate adjustment for baseline characteristics, the RR was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.83-1.54; p=0.45). For the BL grade III-IV aGVHD patient subgroup, the unadjusted RR for 28-day ORR of REM vs RUX was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.12-2.63; p=0.01) based on ORRs of 71.4% and 41.6%, respectively. After multivariate adjustment for baseline characteristics, the RR was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.02-2.44; p=0.04), a statistically significant difference. The most frequently reported TEAEs (all grades) for REM were pyrexia (33.3%), abdominal pain (20.4%) and adenovirus infection (20.4%) and for RUX (n=71 RUX REACH 1) were anemia (64.8%), hypokalemia (49.3%) and platelet count decreased (45.1%). AEs led to treatment discontinuation for 15% of patients on REM and 31% on RUX. For mutually reported TEAEs, unadjusted comparisons were employed, as the number of events was too low to facilitate meaningful covariate adjustment. The rates of TEAEs, as well as RRs (95% CI, p-value), are presented in Table 1. Conclusion: Without direct trial comparison, STC results can be used in cost-effectiveness analyses to aid coverage decisions. STC methods showed significant association of REM with improved 28-day ORR for patients with BL grade III-IV aGVHD (p=0.04) and improved safety outcomes relative to RUX (p<0.05 for RR) for multiple TEAEs, including several hematologic TEAEs (anemia, WBCs, platelets, neutrophils), several lab results (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, increased AST), peripheral edema, muscular weakness, nausea, back pain, and fatigue. For all grade 28-day ORR, REM-treated patients experienced relative-but not statistically significant-improvement. Disclosures Westley: Mesoblast: Consultancy. Tomaras:Mesoblast: Consultancy. Strati:Mesoblast: Employment. Skerrett:Mesoblast: Employment. Forsythe:Mesoblast: Consultancy. Tremblay:Mesoblast: Consultancy.

Macroscopic imprints of ductile deformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Bouchez ◽  
Adolphe Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Linear Lattice ◽  
Crystalline Plasticity ◽  
Planar Structures ◽  
Heterogeneous Deformation ◽  
Folded Structures

The fundamentals of structural geology are presented, namely, folds, planar structures (cleavage or schistosity, foliation) and linear ones (lineations), regarded as emblematic for geologists. Ductile imprints of folds, affecting stratified formations, combined with brittle imprints, often remain modest in terms of strain intensity. Folding is essentially inhomogeneous and often results from the buckling (bending) of the layers (or stratification) as a consequence of layer parallel compression. Folded structures are frequently accompanied by fractures. Hence they may be classified as brittle–ductile. They are mostly encountered at low depths and constitute the upper structural level of the Earth’s crust. Ductile deformation sensu stricto appears at the lower structural level. The macroscopic aspects of ductile deformations and their implications will be examined. The principal operating mechanism, crystalline plasticity, represents the mechanical aspect of deformation, sometime assisted by chemical aspects (pressure-solution). While homogeneous deformation constitutes our principal concern, heterogeneous deformation is often present, particularly when examined at fine scales. At low shear strain (γ‎ < 0.7, or θ‎ ~35°, equivalent to ~30% shortening), plastic deformation generally leads to a planar and a linear anisotropy strengthening with increasing deformation. At higher shear strain, any pre-existing planar structure becomes so stretched that it cannot be recognized. The new structure may be purely planar, purely linear or plano-linear. Lattice fabrics, appearing in rocks subjected to plastic deformation and resulting from deformation mechanisms at the grain-scale, are examined in detail in Chapter 6.

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