Formulas for the astronomical correction to the precise levelling

1950 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Precise Levelling

scholarly journals HEIGHT DETERMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE NEXT NATIONAL HEIGHT SYSTEM OF FINLAND - A CASE STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Timo Saari ◽  
Markku Poutanen ◽  
Veikko Saaranen ◽  
Harri Kaartinen ◽  
Antero Kukko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Virtual Reference ◽  
Precise Levelling ◽  
Height Determination ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Precise levelling is known for its accuracy and reliability in height determination, but the process itself is slow, laborious and expensive. We have started a project to study methods for height determination that could decrease the creation time of national height systems without losing the accuracy and reliability that is needed for them. In the pilot project described here, we study some of the alternative techniques with a pilot field test where we compared them with the precise levelling. The purpose of the test is not to evaluate the mutual superiority or suitability of the techniques, but to establish the background for a larger test and to find strong and weak points of each technique. The techniques chosen for this study were precise levelling, Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) levelling, which included static Global Positioning System (GPS) and Virtual Reference Station (VRS) measurements. This research highlighted the differences of the studied techniques and gave insights about the framework and procedure for the later experiments. The research will continue in a larger scale, where the suitability of the techniques regarding the height systems is to be determined.

Fitting a Precise Levelling Network to Control Points Using a Modified Robust Huber’s Mean Error Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 06016003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Osada ◽  
Andrzej Borkowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kurpiński ◽  
Marcin Oleksy ◽  
Mateusz Seta
Keyword(s):  
Error Function ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Precise Levelling ◽  
Mean Error
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