Alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of native ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids can be quantified directly by phosphorus-31 NMR in solution

Lipids ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1189-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Malewicz ◽  
Wolfgang J. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Choline Glycerophospholipids

scholarly journals Lipid remodelling during epididymal maturation of rat spermatozoa. Enrichment in plasmenylcholines containing long-chain polyenoic fatty acids of the n-9 series

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Aveldaño ◽  
N P Rotstein ◽  
N T Vermouth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Lipid Domain ◽  
Choline Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Epididymal Maturation ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Long Chain

In their transit from the caput to the cauda segments of the epididymis, rat spermatozoa undergo significant modifications in lipid content and composition. The amount of lipid phosphorus per cell decreases, and most lipid classes show specific changes in their constituent fatty acids. A depletion of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, concomitant with a virtually unchanged amount of the corresponding plasmalogens, are the major alterations, plasmenylcholine thereby becoming the major phospholipid. Diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin and the phosphoinositides decrease to a lesser extent or do not change at all, also resulting in relative increases with sperm maturation. Concerning the fatty acids, the proportions of oleate (C18:1, n-9) and linoleate (C18:2, n-6) in most lipids decrease on movement of sperm from caput to cauda, augmenting in turn the proportions of longer-chain (C20 to C24) and more unsaturated fatty acids. Docosapentaenoate (C22:5, n-6) is a major acyl chain present in all lipids at both stages, but uncommon long-chain polyenoic fatty acids of the n-9 series are also present, being almost exclusively found in the choline glycerophospholipids. These fatty acids are found to undergo the most significant changes during sperm maturation. They are minor components of plasmenylcholine in immature spermatozoa, but increase severalfold on maturation, representing more than half of the acyl chains of this major lipid in cells from the cauda. The high concentration of n-9 polyenes in mature sperm plasmenylcholine raises intriguing questions on the possible role epididymal cells may play in providing spermatozoa with such an unusual phospholipid. These plasmenylcholines could contribute to the characteristic lipid domain organization of the mature spermatozoa plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Oestradiol-induced changes in the composition of phospholipid classes of quail oviduct: specific replacement of arachidonic acid by docosahexaenoic acid in alkenylacyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine

1994 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Felouati ◽  
J F Pageaux ◽  
J M Fayard ◽  
M Lagarde ◽  
C Laugier
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Striking Result ◽  
Choline Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Phospholipid Classes ◽  
Induced Changes

The phospholipid composition and the molecular species of the major subclasses of ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids were determined during the natural or oestradiol-induced development of the quail oviduct. The phospholipid concentration increased significantly during oviduct development, and the proportion of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EPL) remained constant while that of choline glycerophospholipids increased. The immature oviduct contained the majority of its endogenous arachidonic acid mass (71%) in EPL, mainly in alkenylacyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (alkenylacyl-GPE) (49% of the total). Oestrogen treatment induced the depletion of 20:4,n-6 specifically from this pool, which indicates the biological importance of 20:4,n-6 molecular species in alkenylacyl-GPE as substrates for the oviduct phospholipases activated by oestradiol, and suggests that this EPL subclass is involved in the oestrogen-induced cell proliferation. Another striking result was the marked increase in 22:6,n-3 EPL molecular species following the oestradiol treatment and more particularly the strict substitution of 20:4,n-6 by 22:6,n-3 in alkenylacyl-GPE. We speculate that alkenylacyl-GPE molecular species containing 22:6,n-3 may participate in the arrest of oestrogen-induced proliferation.

Choline glycerophospholipid biosynthesis in the guinea pig heart

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 860-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Wientzek ◽  
Ricky Y. K. Man ◽  
Patrick C. Choy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Choline Kinase ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Ctp:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Choline Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Rate Limiting

The aims of this study were to (i) elucidate the biosynthetic pathways for the formation of plasmenylcholine in the mammalian heart and (ii) investigate whether the control of choline glycerophospholipid production is different in hearts with high plasmenylcholine content. Guinea pig hearts were used throughout this study, since 34% of the cardiac choline glycerophospholipids in this species is present in the plasmenylcholine form. By perfusion of the guinea pig heart in the Langendorff mode with labeled choline, we demonstrated that the majority of plasmenylcholine in the heart was synthesized via the CDP-choline pathway. The ability of the heart to form plasmenylcholine from CDP-choline and 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol was also shown. We postulate that 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol in the guinea pig heart might originate from the hydrolysis of plasmenylethanolamine. In mammalian liver and other tissues, the CDP-choline pathway is the major pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and the rate-limiting step is catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. The results obtained from the present study support this supposition. In addition, evidence was obtained indicating that phosphorylation of choline by choline kinase in the CDP-choline pathway may also be rate limiting. Although the involvement of choline kinase as a rate-limiting enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway has been shown in a number of cell cultures, the rate-limiting role of this enzyme in intact mammalian organs has not been previously reported. The rationale for the presence of more than one rate-limiting step in the CDP-choline pathway in the guinea pig heart remains undefined.

scholarly journals Roles of various phospholipases A2 in providing lysophospholipid acceptors for fatty acid phospholipid incorporation and remodelling

2002 ◽  
Vol 364 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús BALSINDE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase ◽  
Choline Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Bromoenol Lactone ◽  
Strong Candidate

In the present study the lysophospholipid sources for arachidonic (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) incorporation into and redistribution within the phospholipids of phorbol-ester-differentiated U937 cells was investigated. Initially, AA incorporated primarily into choline glycerophospholipids (PC), whereas EPA incorporated mainly into ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PE). Bromoenol lactone (BEL), an inhibitor of the Group VI Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2), diminished both lysophosphatidylcholine levels and the incorporation of AA into phospholipids. However BEL had little effect on EPA incorporation. In concanavalin A-activated cells, EPA, but not AA, incorporation was also affected by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), suggesting an additional role for the group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2. In the activated cells AA and EPA did not compete with each other for incorporation, indicating that the pathways for AA and EPA incorporation are partially different. The AA and EPA initially incorporated into PC slowly moved to PE in a process that took several hours. The transfer of AA and EPA from PC to PE was not inhibited by BEL, MAFP or LY311727 [3-(3-acetamide 1-benzyl-2-ethylindolyl-5-oxy)propanesulphonic acid], raising the possibility that an as-yet-undetermined phospholipase A2 may be involved in fatty acid phospholipid remodelling. A strong candidate to be involved in these reactions is a novel Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 that, unlike all known iPLA2s, is resistant to inhibition by BEL and also to MAFP and LY311727. The enzyme activity cleaves both PC and PE and is thus able to provide the lysoPC and lysoPE acceptors required for the fatty acid acylation reactions.

scholarly journals 324 Milk Fat Globule Membrane from Bovine Milk on Brain Development of Early Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Sharon Donovan ◽  
Ryan N Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Standard Formula ◽  
Sensory Projections ◽  
Choline Glycerophospholipids ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Clinical Trial Evidence ◽  
Fat Globule

Abstract The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is instrumental for the fat delivery system into human and bovine milk, but is typically removed during the manufacture of infant formula. MFGM contains components that may impact neurodevelopment, including sialic acid, gangliosides, sphingomyelin, choline, glycerophospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. This presentation will review the clinical trial evidence linking MFGM supplementation to beneficial outcomes in infants and will describe potential mechanistic evidence linking MFGM with neurocognitive outcomes arising from preclinical studies in piglets. Infants fed formula supplemented with a MFGM (4% total protein) from 2 to 6 months of age had improved neurocognitive development at 1 year of age compared to infants fed standard formula. Infants fed formula with MFGM (5.0 g/L) and lactoferrin (0.6 g/L) for 1 year had an accelerated neurodevelopmental profile at 1 year and improved language subcategories at 18 months compared to infants fed a standard formula. To investigate potential mechanisms, piglets were fed a CONT formula or a TEST formula with MFGM and lactoferrin at the same concentrations from 2 to 31 days of age. Piglets underwent spatial T-maze testing to assess learning and memory, and magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain micro- and macrostructure. TEST piglets had lower radial and mean diffusivities in the internal capsule, suggesting greater myelination. The internal capsule contains motor and sensory projections from the cortex to corticospinal tract. Piglets on the CONT diet displayed shorter latency to choice in the T-maze compared to TEST piglets, potentially indicating anxiety-like behaviors or greater impulsivity. Aspects of the microbiome-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) were investigated to uncover potential mechanisms. TEST piglets had higher protein abundance of tyrosine hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal peptide, longer villi and greater disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and differences in microbial abundances in the ascending colon and feces, suggesting potential modulation of the MGBA by MFGM.

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