Public sector financing of communitybased services for children with serious emotional disabilities and their families: Results of a national survey

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Krista Kutash ◽  
Vestena Robbins Rivera ◽  
Kimberly S. Hall ◽  
Robert M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Emotional Disabilities

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and health service organizational factors associated with the choice of the private versus public sector for specialty visits: Evidence from a national survey in Italy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0232827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Pianori ◽  
Elisa Maietti ◽  
Jacopo Lenzi ◽  
Mattia Quargnolo ◽  
Stefano Guicciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

Advising Students With Emotional Disabilities: Data From a National Survey

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Preece ◽  
Michael Brooks ◽  
Ronald Chapman ◽  
Norman Roberts ◽  
Edward Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Emotional Disabilities

scholarly journals Intentional rounding in hospital wards to improve regular interaction and engagement between nurses and patients: a realist evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (35) ◽  
pp. 1-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Harris ◽  
Sarah Sims ◽  
Mary Leamy ◽  
Ros Levenson ◽  
Nigel Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Public Sector Information ◽  
Hospital Wards

© Crown copyright 2013. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2019. This work was produced by Harris et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. 2013 2019 Crown copyright Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO Background The government response to the care failures at the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust led to the policy imperative of ‘regular interaction and engagement between nurses and patients’ (Francis R. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. London: The Stationery Office; 2013. © Crown copyright 2013. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0) in the NHS. The pressure on nursing to act resulted in the introduction of the US model, known as ‘intentional rounding’, into nursing practice. This is a timed, planned intervention that sets out to address fundamental elements of nursing care by means of a regular bedside ward round. Objectives The study aims were to examine what it is about intentional rounding in hospital wards that works, for whom and in what circumstances. Design A multimethod study design was undertaken using realist evaluation methodology. The study was conducted in four phases: (1) theory development; (2) a national survey of all NHS acute trusts in England; (3) in-depth case studies of six wards, involving individual interviews, observations, retrieval of routinely collected ward outcome data and analysis of costs; and (4) synthesis of the study findings. Setting The study was conducted in acute NHS trusts in England. Participants A total of 108 acute NHS trusts participated in the survey. Seventeen senior managers, 33 front-line nurses, 28 non-nursing professionals, 34 patients and 28 carers participated in individual interviews. Thirty-nine members of nursing staff were shadowed during their delivery of intentional rounding and the direct care received by 28 patients was observed. Review methods A realist synthesis was undertaken to identify eight context–mechanism–outcome configurations, which were tested and refined using evidence collected in subsequent research phases. Results The national survey showed that 97% of NHS trusts had implemented intentional rounding in some way. Data synthesis from survey, observation and interview findings showed that only two of the original eight mechanisms were partially activated (consistency and comprehensiveness, and accountability). The evidence for two mechanisms was inconclusive (visibility of nurses and anticipation); there was minimal evidence for one mechanism (multidisciplinary teamwork and communication) and no evidence for the remaining three (allocated time to care, nurse–patient relationships and communication, and patient empowerment). A total of 240 intentional rounds were observed within 188 hours of care delivery observation. Although 86% of all intentional rounding interactions were observed to be documented, fidelity to the original intervention [i.e. the Studer Group protocol (Studer Group. Best Practices: Sacred Heart Hospital, Pensacola, Florida. Hourly Rounding Supplement. Gulf Breeze, FL: Studer Group; 2007)] was generally low. Limitations Intentional rounding was often difficult for researchers to observe, as it was rarely delivered as a discrete activity but instead undertaken alongside other nursing activities. Furthermore, a lack of findings about the influence of intentional rounding on patient outcomes in the safety thermometer data limits inferences on how mechanisms link to clinical outcomes for patients. Conclusions The evidence from this study demonstrates that the effectiveness of intentional rounding, as currently implemented and adapted in England, is very weak and falls short of the theoretically informed mechanisms. There was ambivalence and concern expressed that intentional rounding oversimplifies nursing, privileges a transactional and prescriptive approach over relational nursing care, and prioritises accountability and risk management above individual responsive care. Future work It is suggested that the insights and messages from this study inform a national conversation about whether or not intentional rounding is the optimum intervention to support the delivery of fundamental nursing care to patients, or if the time is right to shape alternative solutions. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals Access to Essential Cardiovascular Medicines in Pakistan: A National Survey on the Availability, Price, and Affordability, Using WHO/HAI Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Saeed ◽  
Faria Saeed ◽  
Hamid Saeed ◽  
Zikria Saleem ◽  
Caijun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Medicine Price ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Objective: This national survey was aimed at measuring the access to cardiovascular disease (CVD) medicines in terms of their availability, price, and affordability in Pakistan. This was done by using the standard WHO/Health Action International (HAI) methodology.Methods: The price and availability data for 18 CVD medicines were collected from public sector hospitals (n = 40) and private sector retail pharmacies (n = 40) in eight cities of Pakistan. The outcome measures were availability (calculated as percentage of health facilities stocked with listed medicines), medicine price to the international reference price ratio (i.e., median price ratio (MPR)), and affordability (calculated as number of days’ wages (NDWs) of the lowest paid unskilled government worker required to afford one-month treatment of a chronic disease). The affordability of standard treatment in Pakistan with four CVD drugs was compared with data from six other low and middle income countries (LMICs) using HAI database.Findings: The mean percent availability of CVD medicines was significantly low (p < 0.001) in the public sector as compared to the private sector, that is, 25.5% vs. 54.6% for originator brands (OBs) and 30.4% vs. 34.9% for lowest price generics (LPGs), respectively. For all OBs and LPGs, the inflation-adjusted mean MPR was 2.72 and 1, respectively. CVD medicines were found to be unaffordable with average NDWs of 6.4 and 2.2 for OBs and LPGs, respectively, that is, NDWs of more than 1. In international comparison with countries such as Sudan, Lebanon, Egypt, India, Afghanistan, and China, the affordability of standard treatment with selected CVD medicines (atenolol, amlodipine, captopril, and simvastatin) in Pakistan was found to be low. Overall, all four OBs and three out of four LPGs of selected CVD drugs were found unaffordable in Pakistan.Conclusion: This data indicated that the availability of selected CVD medicines was low in both public and private sector medicine outlets. Both OBs and LPGs were found unaffordable in the private sector, necessitating the redressal of pricing policies, structuring, and their implementation.

scholarly journals Economic impact of childhood psychiatric disorder on public sector services in Britain: estimates from national survey data

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Snell ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Andrew Healey ◽  
Sacha Guglani ◽  
Sara Evans-Lacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Police Practitioner–Researcher Partnerships

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Rojek ◽  
Hayden P. Smith ◽  
Geoffrey P. Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Research Partnership ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law

Consistent with the current models of governance in public sector organizations, there have been an increasing number of advocates within the law enforcement community calling for agencies to participate in partnerships with researchers. Despite this support, little is known about the prevalence of police practitioner–researcher partnerships, nor has there been any examination into which agencies participate in partnerships with researchers or the reasons why agencies do not participate. The present study addresses these gaps in knowledge by reporting on findings from a national survey of law enforcement agencies on research partnership participation. The results reveal nearly one third of responding agencies reported they had participated in a research partnership within the last 5 years. The most common reason provided for not participating in these relationships was a lack of funding resources. Discussion on the future expansion of police practitioner–researcher partnerships in light of these findings is provided

Employee Incentives in the Public Sector: A National Survey of Urban Mass Transit Authorities

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Deadrick ◽  
K. Dow Scott
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Employee Incentives ◽  
Urban Mass Transit ◽  
Incentive Strategies

Managers in this decade are facing a number of challenges that hinge on the demand for increased productivity. This study focuses on the viability of financial incentive strategies to improve public sector productivity. The transit industry was chosen for the survey due to its interest in financial incentive programs (FIPs) and its concern with productivity. The data indicate that numerous FIPs are being used within the transit industry and that these programs are for the most part evaluated positively.

scholarly journals Cost of high prevalence mental disorders: Findings from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1198-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Mary Lou Chatterton ◽  
Anne Magnus ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽  
Long Khanh-Dao Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tax Loss

Objective: The aim of this project was to detail the costs associated with the high prevalence mental disorders (depression, anxiety-related and substance use) in Australia, using community-based, nationally representative survey data. Methods: Respondents diagnosed, within the preceding 12 months, with high prevalence mental disorders using the Confidentialised Unit Record Files of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were analysed. The use of healthcare resources (hospitalisations, consultations and medications), productivity loss, income tax loss and welfare benefits were estimated. Unit costs of healthcare services were obtained from the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority, Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Labour participation rates and unemployment rates were determined from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Daily wage rates adjusted by age and sex were obtained from Australian Bureau of Statistics and used to estimate productivity losses. Income tax loss was estimated based on the Australian Taxation Office rates. The average cost of commonly received Government welfare benefits adjusted by age was used to estimate welfare payments. All estimates were expressed in 2013–2014 AUD and presented from multiple perspectives including public sector, individuals, private insurers, health sector and societal. Results: The average annual treatment cost for people seeking treatment was AUD660 (public), AUD195 (individual), AUD1058 (private) and AUD845 from the health sector’s perspective. The total annual healthcare cost was estimated at AUD974m, consisting of AUD700m to the public sector, AUD168m to individuals, and AUD107m to the private sector. The total annual productivity loss attributed to the population with high prevalence mental disorders was estimated at AUD11.8b, coupled with the yearly income tax loss at AUD1.23b and welfare payments at AUD12.9b. Conclusion: The population with high prevalence mental disorders not only incurs substantial cost to the Australian healthcare system but also large economic losses to society.

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