Investigations of the extraction equilibrium of ternary ion-association complexes of thallium(III) with ditetrazolium salts, neo-tetrazolium chloride and nitrobluetetrazolium chloride

1982 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alexandrov ◽  
A. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Ion Association ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Ditetrazolium Salts

scholarly journals Liquid-liquid extraction of ion-association complexes of cobalt(II)-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol with ditetrazolium salts

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidka Divarova ◽  
Kirila Stojnova ◽  
Petya Racheva ◽  
Vanya Lekova ◽  
Atanas Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Extraction Equilibria ◽  
Ditetrazolium Salts

The formation and liquid-liquid extraction of ion-association complexes between Co(II)-4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) anionic chelates and cations of three ditetrazolium chlorides were studied: Blue Tetrazolium chloride (BTC), Neotetrazolium chloride (NTC) and Nitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride (NBT). The optimum conditions for the formation and solvent extraction of the ion-association comlpex chelates were determined. It has been found that in the systems of Co(II)-PAR-DTS, the reactants are reacted in molar ratios 1:2:1 and the general formula of complexes was suggested. The extraction equilibria were investigated and quantitatively characterized by the equilibrium constants and the recovery factors. The analytical characteristics of the complexes were calculated.

scholarly journals Phenylmethoxybis(tetrazolium) ion-association complexes with an anionic indium(III) — 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol chelate

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Stefanova ◽  
Kiril Gavazov
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium ◽  
Blue Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Molar Absorptivity Coefficient

AbstractComplex formation and liquid-liquid extraction were studied in systems containing indium(III), 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), phenylmethoxybis(tetrazolium) salt (MBT), water and chloroform. The following MBTs, which differ only by the number of -NO2 groups in their cationic parts, were used: 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)bis(2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) (Blue Tetrazolium chloride, BT), 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride] (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride, NBT) and 3,3′-(3,3′-dimetoxy-4,4′-biphenylene)bis[2,5-di(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium chloride] (Tetranitro Blue Tetrazolium chloride, TNBT). The composition of the formed ternary complexes was determined, In:PAR:MBT=1:2:2, and the optimum conditions for their extraction found: pH, shaking time, concentration of the reagents and the sequence of their addition. Some key constants were estimated: constants of extraction (Kex), constants of association (β) and constants of distribution (KD). BT appears to be the best MBT for extraction of the In(III)-PAR species, [In3+(OH)3(PAR)2]4−, (Log Kex=10.9, Log β=9.8, Log KD=1.12, R%=92.7%). Several additional characteristics concerning its application as extraction-spectrophotometric reagent were calculated: limit of detection (LOD = 0.12 µg cm−3), limit of quantification (LOD = 0.40 µg cm−3) and Sandell’s sensitivity (SS =1.58 ng cm−2); Beer’s law is obeyed for In(III) concentrations up to 3.2 µg mL−1 with a molar absorptivity coefficient of 7.3×104 L mol−1 cm−1 at λmax=515 nm.

scholarly journals Investigation of the extraction equilibrium of ion-association complexes of molybdenum (VI) with some polyphenols and thiazolyl blue. extraction-spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanas Dimitrov ◽  
Vania Lekova ◽  
Kiril Gavazov ◽  
Boyan Boyanov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Association Constants ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Simple Extraction

AbstractThe extraction process of ternary ion-association complexes of molybdenum (VI) with some polyphenols (4-nitrocatechol, 2,3-dihydroxy naphthalene) and thiazolyl blue has been investigated by using an extraction-spectrophotometric method. The optimum conditions for their quantitative preparation in aqueous medium and subsequent extraction into an organic solvent have been found. The extraction, distribution and association constants, and the recovery factors have been calculated. The composition of the complexes has been determined. A precise, sensitive and simple extraction-spectrophotometric method for determination of molybdenum in products from ferrous metallurgy has been developed.

scholarly journals Ternary ion-association complexes between the indium(III) - 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol anionic chelate and some tetrazolium cations

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya Toncheva ◽  
Kiril Gavazov ◽  
Vanya Lekova ◽  
Kirila Stojnova ◽  
Atanas Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

AbstractComplex formation and liquid-liquid extraction were studied in systems containing indium(III), 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), tetrazolium salt (TZS), water and chloroform. Two different TZS were used: 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The optimum conditions for extraction of In(III) as a ternary complex, (TT+)[In(PAR)2] or (MTT+)[In(PAR)2], were found: pH, extraction time, concentration of PAR and concentration of TZS. The constants of extraction (Kex), constants of association (β), constants of distribution (KD) and recovery factors (R%) were determined. The apparent molar absorptivities in chloroform were calculated to be ɛ′520=6.6×104 L mol−1 cm−1 and ɛ′515=7.1×104 L mol−1 cm−1 for the systems with TTC (I) and MTT (II), respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed for In(III) concentrations up to 3.4 µg mL−1 in both the cases. The limits of detection (LOD=0.07 µg mL−1I and LOD=0.12 µg mL−1II), limits of quantification (LOQ=0.24 µg mL−1I and LOQ=0.41 µg mL−1II) and Sandell’s sensitivities (SS) were estimated as well.

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