Syntheses of long-chain quaternary ammonium salts from fatty alcohols by microwave irradiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Lin Jiang ◽  
Yu-Qiao Hu ◽  
Jun Pang ◽  
Yun-Cheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Degradation Kinetics and Solvent Effects of Various Long-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Kleijwegt ◽  
Wyatt Winkenwerder ◽  
Wim Baan ◽  
John van der Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Long Chain

<div>Surfactants such as quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been in increasing demand, for emerging new applications. Recent attempts at process intensification of</div><div>their production, have disclosed the need for a better understanding of QAS thermal stability. This work aims to determine degradation kinetics of various QASs, and the</div><div>associated solvent effects. Degradation kinetics of four methyl carbonate QASs were determined in various</div><div>polar solvents in stainless steel batch autoclaves. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrometry was employed for online analysis of the reaction mixtures. The kinetic parameters were then used</div><div>to compare the thermal stability of the four compounds in the polar solvents. Water showed not degradation, and methanol (MeOH) was the solvent that provided the</div><div>second-best stability. Water-MeOH mixtures may provide an overall optimum. More, and longer long-chain substituents increased the degradation rate. Thermogravimetric Analysis was used to obtain the thermal stability in a solid-</div><div>state, i.e. solventless environment. Isoconversional analysis showed that no reliable kinetic parameters could be determined. Nevertheless, the data did allow for a compar-</div><div>ison of the thermal stability of 14 different QASs. Furthermore, the relative instability of the compounds in solid-state demonstrated the challenges of solventless QAS production.</div>

Thermal behavior of some long-chain quaternary ammonium salts

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Margomenou-Leonidopoulou ◽  
A. Malliaris ◽  
C.M. Paleos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Long Chain

Interactions Between Orange II and Selected Long Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salts

1964 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Zografi ◽  
Praful R. Patel ◽  
Norman D. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Long Chain
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