Particle size effects in X-ray absorption analysis: Formulae for size distributions

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burek
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Absorption Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Effects ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Particle Size Effects in Geological Analyses by X-Ray Fluorescence

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 587-592
Author(s):  
K.K. Nielson ◽  
V.C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Light Element ◽  
New Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Effects ◽  
Sample Matrix ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

Particle-size effects can cause significant errors in x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of particulate materials. The effects are usually removed when samples are fused or dissolved to standardize the matrix for quantitative analysis. Recent improvements in numerical matrix corrections reduce the need to standardize the sample matrix via fusion or dissolution, particularly when the CEMAS method is used to estimate unmeasured light-element components of undefined materials for matrix calculations. A new method to correct for particle-size effects has therefore been examined to potentially avoid the need for destructive preparation of homogeneous samples.

Mineralogical Problems in X-Ray Emission Analysis of Sylvite Concentrates

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 555-565
Author(s):  
Frank Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Minor Constituent ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Effects ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
A Minor

AbstractMineralogical effects, which relate to the occurrence of an element in different forms of chemical combination, often are a problem to the X-ray analyst since these forms usually differ in X-ray sensitivity. An example of this is cited in connection with the analysis of sylvite concentrates for potassium. An evaluation is made of mineralogical effects and a quantitative relationship between X-ray intensity and mineral form and particle size is derived. If the particle size of a minor constituent is reduced sufficiently the mineralogical effect disappears. Target materials for X-ray sources are found to have only minor effects on relative intensities of different compounds of an element. Finally, it is concluded that the advantages of higher intensities gained through the use of target materials close in atomic number to the material being analyzed far outweigh particle size effects which are shown to be relatively small.

Particle size effects in the determination of respirable .alpha.-quartz by x-ray diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2196-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Edmonds ◽  
W. W. Henslee ◽  
R. E. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Effects

Soil Particle Size Analysis Using X-Ray Absorption

1996 ◽  
Vol 1548 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Vitton ◽  
Carl C. Nesbitt ◽  
Leon Y. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Representative Samples

The hydrometer method is the standard method of grain size analysis used in geotechnical engineering. Although the hydrometer method provides accurate grain size distributions and is relatively easy to conduct, it takes a minimum of 2 days to complete and is subject to operator error. In studies where small-magnitude changes or more rapid results are required, an alternative method to hydrometer testing is to use an automated particle size analysis instrument employing X-ray absorption. This technique passes a finely collated X-ray beam through a suspension of settling particle in a fluid. Because the intensity of the X-ray is directly related to the percentage mass of soil in a suspension, Stokes' law can be used to calculate the grain size distribution of a soil assuming an equivalent particle diameter for the soil grains. X-ray absorption has been found to produce accurate grain size distributions in the 75 μm to 1 μm size range when sample preparation adheres to AASHTO T88-90 specifications and suspension concentrations are approximately 2 percent by volume. Testing for particles sizes down to 1 μm takes approximately 20 min per sample. Technical concerns remaining involve obtaining representative samples of the soil in the 75 μm, to 1 μm size range suspension for testing. One method being evaluated is injection flow analysis, which is an inexpensive method of obtaining representative samples used with a variety of inorganic, industrial, and environmental materials in which direct sampling of fluid is required.

Particle Size Effects in Radioisotope X-Ray Spectrometry

1969 ◽  
pp. 612-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Berry ◽  
T. Furuta ◽  
J. R. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Effects
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