Verylow frequency variability in arterial blood pressure and blood volume pulse

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nitzan ◽  
A. Babchenko ◽  
B. Khanokh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Volume Pulse ◽  
Blood Volume Pulse

Supine exercise restores arterial blood pressure and skin blood flow despite dehydration and hyperthermia

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. H576-H583 ◽  
Author(s):  
José González-Alonso ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodríguez ◽  
Edward F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Central Blood Volume ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cutaneous Vascular Conductance

We determined whether the deleterious effects of dehydration and hyperthermia on cardiovascular function during upright exercise were attenuated by elevating central blood volume with supine exercise. Seven trained men [maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) 4.7 ± 0.4 l/min (mean ± SE)] cycled for 30 min in the heat (35°C) in the upright and in the supine positions (V˙o 2 2.93 ± 0.27 l/min) while maintaining euhydration by fluid ingestion or while being dehydrated by 5% of body weight after 2 h of upright exercise. When subjects were euhydrated, esophageal temperature (Tes) was 37.8–38.0°C in both body postures. Dehydration caused equal hyperthermia during both upright and supine exercise (Tes = 38.7–38.8°C). During upright exercise, dehydration lowered stroke volume (SV), cardiac output, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cutaneous vascular conductance and increased heart rate and plasma catecholamines [30 ± 6 ml, 3.0 ± 0.7 l/min, 6 ± 2 mmHg, 22 ± 8%, 14 ± 2 beats/min, and 50–96%, respectively; all P < 0.05]. In contrast, during supine exercise, dehydration did not cause significant alterations in MAP, cutaneous vascular conductance, or plasma catecholamines. Furthermore, supine versus upright exercise attenuated the increases in heart rate (7 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 1%) and the reductions in SV (13 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 3%) and cardiac output (8 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 3%) (all P< 0.05). These results suggest that the decline in cutaneous vascular conductance and the increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration, independent of hyperthermia, are associated with a reduction in central blood volume and a lower arterial blood pressure.

A sudden arterial blood pressure decrease is compensated by an increase in intracranial blood volume

2002 ◽  
Vol 249 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Rosengarten ◽  
Damian Rüskes ◽  
Irene Mendes ◽  
Erwin Stolz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Pressure Decrease ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pressure Decrease

scholarly journals Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide on neurohypophysial and cardiovascular functions under hypo- or normotensive hypovolaemia in the rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bojanowska ◽  
B Stempniak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Cardiovascular Functions

To date, glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (tGLP-1) has been found to affect the neurohypophysial and cardiovascular functions in normotensive and normovolaemic rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of tGLP-1 on the mean arterial blood pressure and the release of vasopressin and oxytocin under conditions of blood volume depletion in the rat. In the first series of experiments, the animals were injected i.p. with either 0.15 M saline or 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG caused an 18% reduction of blood volume 1 h after injection. No significant changes in the mean arterial blood pressure were found in either normo- or hypovolaemic rats during the experiment. tGLP-1 injected i.c.v. at a dose of 1 microg/5 microl 1 h after the i.p. injection increased similarly the arterial blood pressure in normo- and hypovolaemic rats. The plasma vasopressin/oxytocin concentrations were markedly elevated in hypovolaemic animals and tGLP-1 further augmented the release of both hormones. In the second study, hypovolaemia was induced by double blood withdrawal. The haemorrhage resulted in a marked decrease of the mean arterial blood pressure and in the elevated plasma vasopressin/oxytocin concentrations. tGLP-1 injected immediately after the second blood withdrawal increased the arterial blood pressure. In parallel, tGLP-1 enhanced significantly vasopressin and oxytocin secretion when compared with haemorrhaged, saline-injected rats. The results of this study indicate that tGLP-1 may affect the arterial blood pressure and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones under pathological conditions brought about by blood volume depletion.

Age Dependence of Arterial Pulse Wave Parameters Extracted From Dynamic Blood Pressure and Blood Volume Pulse Waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Peltokangas ◽  
Antti Vehkaoja ◽  
Jarmo Verho ◽  
Ville M. Mattila ◽  
Pekka Romsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Arterial Pulse ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Arterial Pulse Wave ◽  
Pulse Waves ◽  
Volume Pulse ◽  
Blood Volume Pulse

Relation Between Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume and Effect of Infused Albumin in Sick Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
Peter A. Barr ◽  
Penrhyn E. Bailey ◽  
James Sumners ◽  
George Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Blood Pressures

The relation between directly measured arterial blood pressure and blood volume was studied in 61 sick preterm infants. Mean blood volume (derived from plasma volume [T1824 ten-minute albumin space] and hematocrit value) of 26 hypotensive infants (89.1 ± 17.26 ml/kg) was not significantly different from that of 35 normotensive, but otherwise comparable, infants (91.4 ± 14.57 ml/kg). There was no relation between arterial mean blood pressure and blood volume. Twenty-one infants with arterial mean blood pressure less than 30 mm Hg were given 1.0 g/kg of 10% salt-poor albumin. Significant increases in blood pressure occurred but were small in magnitude; more than one half of infants had arterial mean blood pressures persistently less than 30 mm Hg. Arterial/alveolar Po2 ratio decreased significantly with albumin infusion in six infants with hyaline membrane disease not receiving continuous distending-airway pressure, suggesting an association between infused albumin and impaired oxygen exchange.

Blood volume changes and high and low pressoreceptor activity in cats

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R833-R836 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tomomatsu ◽  
J. P. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion ◽  
Aortic Baroreceptors

Studies were undertaken in the cat to determine if moderate hemorrhage or volume expansion significantly altered carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptor activity. In addition, the experimental design provided the opportunity to compare gain of the two sets of receptors. A 20% blood volume expansion increased mean arterial blood pressure 5.2% and carotid sinus nerve activity 14.7%, whereas a 20% hemorrhage decreased mean arterial blood pressure 10.8% and carotid sinus nerve activity 32.3%. For the aortic baroreceptors, a 20% blood volume expansion increased mean arterial blood pressure 5.9% and nerve activity 10.5%, and a 20% hemorrhage decreased mean arterial blood pressure 8.9% and nerve activity 21.0%. The blood pressure-discharge curves for the carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptors were not different. The well-known high sensitivity of atrial receptors was also documented. We conclude that both high- and low-pressure receptors apprise the central nervous system of the status of intravascular volume and pressure.

Circulatory response to prolonged severe exercise

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Saltin ◽  
Jesper Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Work Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arterial Blood

Four subjects worked on a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer for 180 min at oxygen uptakes of 75% of the individual's max Vo2; after 90 min rest, the exercise was resumed and a maximal work load was tried. Repeated circulatory studies were made. The body weight decreased 3.1 kg (3.2–5.2%), but the reduction in blood volume was less than 5%. During submaximal exercise the major change in the hemodynamic response was a decrease in stroke volume (from 126 to 107 ml). Oxygen uptake and cardiac output increased slightly. There was a decrease of about 10% in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure during the 180 min of exercise. When the work was performed in a supine position there was the same reduction in the stroke volume as in the sitting work position. At the maximal work oxygen uptake, cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure attained almost normal values but there was a marked decrease in both work time and blood lactates. dehydration; blood volume; arterial blood pressure; circulatory reaction Submitted on January 31, 1964

Hemorrhage in newborn lambs: effects on arterial blood pressure, ACTH, cortisol, and vasopressin

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. E585-E590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Rose ◽  
M. Morris ◽  
P. J. Meis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mean Pressure

Arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, and plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and vasopressin (AVP) were monitored in chronically prepared, unanesthetized newborn and weanling lambs at rest and during and after hemorrhage of 15% of estimated blood volume at 1.5%/min. Differences in the endocrine and blood pressure responses to hypovolemia were noted in the two groups of animals. Hemorrhage did not change arterial mean pressure, reduced central venous pressure, and caused a delayed increase in the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and AVP in the newborn lambs. In weanling lambs, hemorrhage reduced arterial mean pressure and central venous pressure and promptly increased plasma ACTH and cortisol levels while plasma AVP concentrations again showed a delayed increase. The data indicate that certain hormonal mechanisms for the defense of blood volume are present and operational within 3 days of birth and that age-related differences in the responses to hemorrhage exist in the lamb.

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