The physical parameters and unit processes in the plasma of noble/electronegative gas mixtures in high-energy systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
V. V. Zaitsev ◽  
A. V. Mashkov ◽  
P. N. Baranov ◽  
T. A. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Physical Parameters

Modular, Reconfigurable, High-Energy Systems Stepp...

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe T. Howell ◽  
John C. Mankins ◽  
Connie Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Energy

scholarly journals Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries and Beyond: Realizing Practical High Energy Systems through Anode, Cathode, and Electrolyte Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 2003493
Author(s):  
Alex Yong Sheng Eng ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Jianmin Luo ◽  
Wenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

Analysis of physical parameters associated with the measurement of high-energy x-ray penumbra

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Dawson ◽  
J. M. Harper ◽  
A. C. Akinradewo
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals $$U(1)_{B-L}$$ extension of the standard model with $$S_3$$ symmetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Vien ◽  
H. N. Long ◽  
A. E. Cárcamo Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Neutrino Mass ◽  
Liquid Scintillator ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fermion Mass ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Type I ◽  
Inverted Hierarchy ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Quark Sector

Abstract We propose a renormalizable $$B-L$$B-L Standard Model (SM) extension based on $$S_3$$S3 symmetry which successfully accommodates the observed fermion mass spectra and flavor mixing patterns as well as the CP violating phases. The small masses for the light active neutrinos are generated through a type I seesaw mechanism. The obtained physical parameters in the lepton sector are well consistent with the global fit of neutrino oscillations (Esteban et al. in J High Energy Phys 01:106, 2019) for both normal and inverted neutrino mass orderings. The model also predicts effective neutrino mass parameters of $${\langle m_{ee}\rangle }= {1.02\times 10^{-2}}\,{\mathrm {eV}},\, m_{\beta }= {1.25}\times 10^{-2}\,{\mathrm {eV}}$$⟨mee⟩=1.02×10-2eV,mβ=1.25×10-2eV for normal hierarchy (NH) and $${\langle m_{ee}\rangle } ={5.03}\times 10^{-2}\, {\mathrm {eV}},\, m_{\beta } ={5.05}\times 10^{-2}\, {\mathrm {eV}}$$⟨mee⟩=5.03×10-2eV,mβ=5.05×10-2eV for inverted hierarchy (IH) which are all well consistent with the future large and ultra-low background liquid scintillator detectors which has been discussed in Ref. (Zhao et al. in Chin Phys C 41(5):053001, 2017) or the limit of the effective neutrino mass can be reached by the planning of future experiments. The model results are consistent with and successfully accommodate the recent experimental values of the physical observables of the quark sector, including the six quark masses, the quark mixing angles and the CP violating phase in the quark sector.

Iceberg Shape Sensitivity in Ship Impact Assessment in View of Existing Material Models

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Storheim ◽  
Ekaterina Kim ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl ◽  
Sören Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Material Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Material Models ◽  
The Arctic Region

Large natural resources in the Arctic region will in the coming years require significant shipping activity within and through the Arctic region. When operating in Arctic open water, there is a significant risk of high-energy encounters with smaller ice masses like bergy bits and growlers. Consequently, there is a need to assess the structural response to high energy encounters in ice-infested waters. Experimental data of high energy ice impact are scarce, and numerical models could be used as a tool to provide insight into the possible physical processes and to their structural implications. This paper focuses on impact with small icebergs and bergy bits. In order to rely on the numerical results, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the physical parameters describing the iceberg interaction. Icebergs are in general inhomogeneous with properties dependent among other on temperature, grain size, strain rate, shape and imperfections. Ice crushing is a complicated process involving fracture, melting, high confinement and high pressures. This necessitates significant simplifications in the material modeling. For engineering purposes a representative load model is applied rather than a physically correct ice material model. The local shape dependency of iceberg interaction is investigated by existing representative load material models. For blunt objects and moderate deformations the models agree well, and show a similar range of energy vs. hull deformation. For sharper objects the material models disagree quite strongly. The material model from Liu et.al (2011) crush the ice easily, whereas the models from Gagnon (2007) and Gagnon (2011) both penetrate the hull. From a physical perspective, a sharp ice edge should crush initially until sufficient force is mobilized to deform the vessel hull. Which ice features that will crush or penetrate is important to know in order to efficiently design against iceberg impact. Further work is needed to assess the energy dissipation in ice during crushing, especially for sharp features. This will enable the material models to be calibrated towards an energy criterion, and yield more coherent results. At the moment it is difficult to conclude if any of the ice models behave in a physically acceptable manner based on the structural deformation. Consequently, it is premature to conclude in a design situation as to which local ice shapes are important to design against.

Structural and functional diagnostics of ultrafine components in condensed high-energy systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
N. V. Muravyov ◽  
K. A. Monogarov ◽  
D. B. Meerov ◽  
D. A. Ivanov ◽  
O. S. Ordzhonikidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Functional Diagnostics

scholarly journals Modeling spectral lags in active galactic nucleus flares in the context of Lorentz invariance violation searches

2020 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. A143 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Perennes ◽  
H. Sol ◽  
J. Bolmont
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
New Era ◽  
Invariance Violation ◽  
Quantum Gravity Phenomenology ◽  
Lorentz Invariance Violation ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
New Generation

Context. High-energy photons emitted by flaring active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been used for many years to constrain modified dispersion relations in vacuum encountered in the context of quantum gravity phenomenology. In such studies, done in the GeV–TeV range, energy-dependent delays (spectral lags) are searched for, usually neglecting any source-intrinsic time delay. Aims. With the aim being to distinguish Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) effects from lags generated at the sources themselves, a detailed investigation into intrinsic spectral lags in flaring AGNs above 100 GeV is presented in the frame of synchrotron-self-Compton scenarios for their very-high-energy (VHE) emission. Methods. A simple model of VHE flares in blazars is proposed, allowing to explore the influence of the main physical parameters describing the emitting zones on intrinsic delays. Results. For typical conditions expected in TeV blazars, significant intrinsic lags are obtained, which can dominate over LIV effects, especially at low redshifts, and should therefore be carefully disentangled from any extrinsic lags. Moreover, two main regimes are identified with characteristic spectral lags, corresponding to long-lasting and fast particle acceleration. Conclusions. Such intrinsic spectral lags should be detected with new-generation instruments at VHE such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array which begins operation in a few years. This will provide original constraints on AGN flare models and open a new era for LIV searches in the photon sector.

scholarly journals Towards mapping turbulence in the intra-cluster medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Clerc ◽  
Edoardo Cucchetti ◽  
Etienne Pointecouteau ◽  
Philippe Peille
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sample Variance ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Mean And Variance

Context. X-ray observations of galaxy clusters provide insights into the nature of gaseous turbulent motions, their physical scales, and the fundamental processes to which they are related. Spatially-resolved, high-resolution spectral measurements of X-ray emission lines provide diagnostics on the nature of turbulent motions in emitting atmospheres. Since they are acting on scales comparable to the size of the objects, the uncertainty on these physical parameters is limited by the number of observational measurements, through sample variance. Aims. We propose a different and complementary approach to repeating numerical simulations for the computation of sample variance (i.e. Monte-Carlo sampling) by introducing new analytical developments for lines diagnosis. Methods. We considered the model of a “turbulent gas cloud”, consisting in isotropic and uniform turbulence described by a universal Kolmogorov power-spectrum with random amplitudes and phases in an optically thin medium. Following a simple prescription for the four-term correlation of Fourier coefficients, we derived generic expressions for the sample mean and variance of line centroid shift, line broadening, and projected velocity structure function. We performed a numerical validation based on Monte-Carlo simulations for two popular models of gas emissivity based on the β-model. Results. Generic expressions for the sample variance of line centroid shifts and broadening in arbitrary apertures are derived and match the simulations within their range of applicability. Generic expressions for the mean and variance of the structure function are provided and verified against simulations. An application to the Athena/X-IFU (Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics/X-ray Integral Field Unit) and XRISM/Resolve (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) instruments forecasts the potential of sensitive, spatially-resolved spectroscopy to probe the inertial range of turbulent velocity cascades in a Coma-like galaxy cluster. Conclusions. The formulas provided are of generic relevance and can be implemented in forecasts for upcoming or current X-ray instrumentation and observing programmes.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis and kinetic optimization of high-energy batteries based on multi-electron reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xin Huang ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Ren-Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Material Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
High Output Voltage ◽  
High Output

Abstract Multi-electron reaction can be regarded as an effective way of building high-energy systems (>500 W h kg−1). However, some confusions hinder the development of multi-electron mechanisms, such as clear concept, complex reaction, material design and electrolyte optimization and full-cell fabrication. Therefore, this review discusses the basic theories and application bottlenecks of multi-electron mechanisms from the view of thermodynamic and dynamic principles. In future, high-energy batteries, metal anodes and multi-electron cathodes are promising electrode materials with high theoretical capacity and high output voltage. While the primary issue for the multi-electron transfer process is sluggish kinetics, which may be caused by multiple ionic migration, large ionic radius, high reaction energy barrier, low electron conductivity, poor structural stability, etc., it is urgent that feasible and versatile modification methods are summarized and new inspiration proposed in order to break through kinetic constraints. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are revealed in detail, involving the search for high-energy systems, compatibility of full cells, cost control, etc.

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