scholarly journals Derivation of a Calculation Formula for Breakpoints of Antimicrobial Agents in Urinary Tract Infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Arakawa ◽  
Takashi Matsui ◽  
Sadao Kamidono ◽  
Yukimichi Kawada ◽  
Hiromi Kumon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Tract Infections

Update on the Treatment of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 738-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Tract Infections

The treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a complex problem for the clinical practitioner. An understanding of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo biological activity of antimicrobial agents is needed, as is an understanding of the variables that may influence patient compliance with medication regimens. Although UTIs are usually treated for 10 to 14 days, shorter treatment schedules of seven to ten days or even single-dose regimens are possible. Guidelines for the treatment of UTIs are presented along with suggestions for increased patient compliance.

Cephazolin Sodium—An In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of 100 Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
Diana M. D. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Tract Infections

A random group of 100 patients in a general hospital were treated with cephazolin sodium for proven urinary tract infections. Sixty-six per cent had conditions predisposing to urinary tract infection. Under these somewhat difficult conditions the original infecting organism remained absent from the urine of 75 per cent of the 70 patients followed in the 3rd to 6th week period. This compares very favourably with response to other antimicrobial agents currently used in urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Grabe ◽  
Björn Wullt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.

Microbiological Analysis of the Urine Isolates in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Raza ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
C P Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the common cause of bacterial infection. Recently UTI become more complicated and difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogen with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objective To determine the etiology of the urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods This study was carried out in Kathmandu Medical College, at department of microbiology. Total 3,460 urine samples were tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide line. Results Out of 3,460 urine samples 680 (19.7%) showed the significant bacteriuria. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 75.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 10.7%, Acinetobacter spp 5.5%, Proteus spp 3.5% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.2%. Most susceptible antibiotic was Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin for most of the isolates. E. coli which was the main isolate was found to be most susceptible to Amikacin 96.1%, Nitrofurantoin 91.3% and Gentamicin 77.7% followed by Ceftriaxone 65.8% and Ciprofloxacin 64.1%. ConclusionRegular surveillance of the resistance rate among uro-pathogens is needed to ensure the appropriate therapy of UTI.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6348 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):295-7 

scholarly journals OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Encoding Transferable Plasmids of Klebsiella pneumoniae Recovered from Egyptian Patients Suffering from Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Ann A. Elshamy ◽  
Sarra E. Saleh ◽  
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Mohammad M. Aboulwafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Gram-negative bacteria are common causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Such pathogens can acquire genes encoding multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, including carbapenem resistance. The aim of this study was to detect the carbapenemase-producing ability of some Gram-negative bacterial isolates from urine specimens of patients suffering from complicated UTIs at two vital tertiary care hospitals in Cairo, Egypt; to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase genes among plasmid-bearing isolates; and explore the possibility of horizontal gene transfer to other bacterial species. The collected isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic analysis of carbapenemase production, and molecular detection of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes, then the extracted plasmids were transformed into competent E. coli DH5α. A total of 256 Gram-negative bacterial clinical isolates were collected, 65 (25.4%) isolates showed carbapenem resistance of which 36 (55.4%) were carbapenemase-producers, and of these 31 (47.7%) harbored plasmids. The extracted plasmids were used as templates for PCR amplification of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, and blaIMP carbapenemase genes. The blaOXA-48 gene was detected in 24 (77.4%) of the tested isolates while blaVIM gene was detected in 8 (25.8%), both blaKPC and blaNDM genes were co-present in 1 (3.2%) isolate. Plasmids carrying the blaOXA-48 gene from 4 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were successfully transformed into competent E. coli DH5α. The transformants were carbapenemase-producers and acquired resistance to some of the tested antimicrobial agents as compared to untransformed E. coli DH5α. The study concluded that the rate of carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacterial uropathogens in Cairo, Egypt is relatively high and can be transferred horizontally to other bacterial host(s).

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