Equivalence of the theories of nervous excitation of Hill, Monnier, and Rashevsky

1944 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alston S. Householder
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Excitation

Microglial Involvement in Stress‐induced Prolonged Sympathetic Nervous Excitation in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Masashi Yoshizawa ◽  
Isato Fukushi ◽  
Kotaro Takeda ◽  
Yousuke Kono ◽  
Yohei Hasebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Excitation

scholarly journals The role and assesment of mental and emotional state in patients with arrhythmias

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
N. G. Neznanov ◽  
U. V. Lebedeva ◽  
O. Rida ◽  
V. B. Petrova ◽  
E. I. Palchikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Search System ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Nervous Excitation

The aim is to study the influence and assessment of mental and emotional states in patients with arrhythmias.Materials and methods. Literature search was performed using the following resources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, as well as in the search system Google Scholar by the key words “psychoarrhythmology”, “neural-cardiac axis”, “psychocardiology”, “arrhythmogenesis”, and “stress-induced arrhythmia”. Articles should be freely available and should represent the most relevant information on the topic. Studies were selected by the largest sample and citation index.Results. In this review of studies on the correlation of psychosocial factors and constitutional features of personality in patients with arrhythmias, the available data on the pathogenesis of cardiac pathology, including the main arrhythmological disorders in nervous excitation caused by negative emotions and stress are presented. The article also reflects the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to risk prediction, potential risk modifiers and approaches to the treatment of cardiac pathology, taking into account the psycho-emotional state of the patient.Conclusion. Reducing the severity of the disease requires a comprehensive approach, in particular, psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection, psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy. Further development of this approach to this problem will lead to the creation of new programs for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cardiac pathology. 

Facilitation in Sea Anemones

1945 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
D. M. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Neuromuscular Systems ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Natural Sensitizer ◽  
Nervous Excitation

1. The action of a number of drugs which affect the neuromuscular systems of vertebrates has been examined on the sea anemone, Calliactis parasitica. In contrast to their action in vertebrates, no drugs directly cause contraction in the muscles of the anemone. 2. Some drugs of the group which act at cholinergic junctions in the vertebrates, including acetylcholine itself, were ineffective on Calliactis. Atropine and nicotine, of the same group, had depressant effects. 3. Some drugs of the group which act at adrenergic junctions in vertebrates, including adrenaline itself, were ineffective on Calliactis. On the other hand, tyramine, tryptamine and 933 F enhanced and sensitized the response to nervous excitation. Thus responses to single stimuli occurred, whereas normally responses only follow the second and subsequent stimuli. Cocaine enhanced and ergotoxme depressed the responses of Calliactis in a manner analogous to their effects in vertebrates. 4. No significant effects were observed with other substances, including strychnine, veratrine, histamine, betaine and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. 5. The limitation of the drug effects to enhancement and sensitization supports the view that neuromuscular transmission in Calliactis cannot be a simple chemical process as in the vertebrates. In general the results support the hypothesis that there is a separate process of sensitization which must precede the excitation of the muscle in these animals. On the other hand, the drugs which have sensitizing effects on Calliactis do not possess all the properties that would be expected of a natural ‘sensitizer’ or ‘facilitator’ carrying out this process of sensitization at the nerve ending.

Observations on Photophores and Luminescence in the Teleost Porichthys

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (42) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
J.A. C. NICOL
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sympathetic System ◽  
Electrical Excitation ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Nervous Excitation

Porichthys myriaster is a shallow-water teleost possessing numerous photophores on head and trunk. These are embedded in the dermis and consist of a lens, layer of photogenic cells, and reflecting sheath. The photophore receives a nerve and blood-vessels which proceed to the photogenic tissue. The photogenic cells are finely granular and stain poorly. Luminescence in the living fish was evoked by electrical excitation and injection of adrenaline. When the nerve-cord was stimulated by electric shocks, the photophores lit up after a latent period of 7-10 sec. With localized stimulation a response was still obtained from all the photophores of the body after transection of the nerve-cord and arrest of circulation. Injection of adrenaline into the heart caused widespread luminescence in 2 min. The pattern of innervation of the photophores in teleosts suggests an autonomic supply. It is concluded that the photophores of Porichthys are probably innervated by the sympathetic system. Efferent fibres may be adrenergic. If the adrenals are involved, their effect is secondary, following nervous excitation.

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