Development of a technique for recording the cerebral activity of conscious animals during complex accelerations

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
P. B. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
Conscious Animals

scholarly journals DDRE-31. FEASIBILITY AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY OF A KETOGENIC / INTERMITTENT FASTING DIET IN GLIOMA PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i13-i13
Author(s):  
Karisa Schreck ◽  
Fang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Adam Berrington ◽  
Bobbie Henry-Barron ◽  
Diane Vizthum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Systemic Activity ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract BACKGROUND There has been increasing interest in exploring ketogenic diet therapies (KDT) in patients with glioma given the poor prognosis. The purpose of this single-arm, open label phase 2 study was to rigorously examine the feasibility, safety, systemic biological activity, and cerebral activity of a KDT in patients with glioma. METHODS 25 patients with biopsy-confirmed WHO Grade 2–4 astrocytoma with stable disease following adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in an 8-week GLioma Atkins-based Diet (GLAD). GLAD consisted of 2 fasting days (calories<20% calculated estimated needs) interleaved between 5 modified Atkins diet days (net carbohydrates≤20 gm/day) each week. The primary outcome was dietary adherence by food records. Markers of systemic and cerebral activity included weekly urine ketones, serum insulin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, IGF-1, and MR spectroscopy at baseline and week 8. RESULTS 21 patients completed the study. 80% of patients reached ≥40 mg/dL urine acetoacetate during the study. 48% of patients were adherent by food record. The diet was well-tolerated with two grade 3 adverse events (neutropenia, seizure). Measures of systemic activity including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and fat body mass decreased significantly, while lean body mass increased. MR spectroscopy demonstrated increased ketone concentrations (β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) and acetone (Ace)) in both lesional and contralateral brain, compared to baseline. Higher total choline (tCho) and glutamine (Gln) levels were observed in lesional as compared to contralateral brain at baseline, and both decreased following intervention. Average ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketones in lesional (tumor) and contralateral brain (bHB Rs0.52, p=0.05). There were no differences in cerebral metabolites in IDH-mutant glioma after controlling for ketonuria. CONCLUSIONS The GLAD dietary intervention, while demanding, produced meaningful ketonuria, and significant systemic and cerebral metabolic changes in participants. Participant ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketone concentration and appears to be a better indicator of systemic activity than patient-reported food records.

scholarly journals Chronic intermittent hypoxia alters ventilatory and metabolic responses to acute hypoxia in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1186-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Morgan ◽  
Russell Adrian ◽  
Zun-yi Wang ◽  
Melissa L. Bates ◽  
John M. Dopp
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glomus Cell ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ventilatory Equivalent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conscious Animals ◽  
Carotid Body Glomus Cells

We determined the effects of chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on chemoreflex control of ventilation in conscious animals. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CIH [nadir oxygen saturation (SpO2), 75%; 15 events/h; 10 h/day] or normoxia (NORM) for 21 days. We assessed the following responses to acute, graded hypoxia before and after exposures: ventilation (V̇e, via barometric plethysmography), V̇o2 and V̇co2 (analysis of expired air), heart rate (HR), and SpO2 (pulse oximetry via neck collar). We quantified hypoxia-induced chemoreceptor sensitivity by calculating the stimulus-response relationship between SpO2 and the ventilatory equivalent for V̇co2 (linear regression). An additional aim was to determine whether CIH causes proliferation of carotid body glomus cells (using bromodeoxyuridine). CIH exposure increased the slope of the V̇e/V̇co2/SpO2 relationship and caused hyperventilation in normoxia. Bromodeoxyuridine staining was comparable in CIH and NORM. Thus our CIH paradigm augmented hypoxic chemosensitivity without causing glomus cell proliferation.

Oral contraceptives and psychological symptoms

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Intermediary Metabolism ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
The Brain

Psychological symptoms are notoriously difficult to assess, and it is not surprising that the reported incidence of such symptoms in women taking oral contraceptives varies widely. The apparent incidence may further be influenced by what the subjects think they are expected to say. Clinical trials of oral contraceptives where psychological symptoms have been specifically studied provide the most reliable data, but control groups have so far been examined in only a few trials. Data on such symptoms from trials where unwanted effects were merely noted in passing are unreliable. There is however good evidence that synthetic progestagens influence cerebral activity1–3 and intermediary metabolism in the brain4 in both women and animals and that these effects do not mimic those of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Normative study of tympanic infrared thermometry: a non-invasive index of asymmetric cerebral activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cicarini de Landa ◽  
Joaquim P. Brasil-Neto ◽  
Raphael Boechat-Barros ◽  
Carlos Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Interaural Differences

Human and primate studies have demonstrated that performance of tasks that induce asymmetrical physiological activation of the cerebral hemispheres leads to a reduction of tympanic temperature (TT) ipsilateral to the most active hemisphere. It is possible that diseases that interfere in an asymmetrical fashion with the degree of cerebral activity cause similar TT changes. There are not, however, normative studies of the acceptable interaural difference in TT in normal subjects at rest. This study was done to establish normative values for interaural TT values measured by means of infrared tympanic thermometry in resting normal subjects not engaged in any specific task. TT values were measured in 47 normal volunteers (20 men and 27 women, aged 39.38±12.57 years old) at rest; mean interaural differences of TT were calculated. Mean right ear TT was 36.85±0.50ºC and mean left ear TT was 36.74±0.57ºC; these values are in agreement with those already reported in the literature. Mean interaural TT difference was 0.25ºC (SD 0.21ºC). These findings indicate that maximal normal values for interaural TT differences, with confidence levels of 99% and 95%, are, respectively, 0.88 and 0.67ºC. The value of interaural differences of TT as a marker of asymmetrical hemispheric activity in neurological patients will have to be established by additional studies.

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