Timber structures in seismic regions RILEM state-of-the-art report

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Blass ◽  
A. Ceccotti ◽  
C. Dyrbye ◽  
M. Gnuschke ◽  
K. F. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Seismic Regions

scholarly journals Sustainable Cross-Laminated Timber Structures in a Seismic Area: Overview and Future Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandoli ◽  
Claudio D’Ambra ◽  
Carla Ceraldi ◽  
Bruno Calderoni ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Seismic Area

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) buildings are recognized as a robust alternative to heavyweight constructions, because beneficial for seismic resistance and environmental sustainability, more than other construction materials. The lightness of material and the satisfactory dissipative response of the mechanical connections provide an excellent seismic response to multi-story CLT buildings, in spite of permanent damage to timber panels in the connection zones. Basically, CLT constructions are highly sustainable structures from extraction of raw material, to manufacturing process, up to usage, disposal and recycling. With respect to other constructions, the potential of CLT buildings is that their environmental sustainability in the phases of disposal and/or recycling can be further enhanced if the seismic damage in structural timber components is reduced or nullified. This paper reports a state-of-the art overview on seismic performance and sustainability aspects of CLT buildings in seismic prone regions. Technological issues and modelling approaches for traditional CLT buildings currently proposed in literature are discussed, focusing the attention on some research advancements and future trends devoted to enhance seismic performance and environmental sustainability of CLT buildings in seismic prone regions.

Selected Methods of Diagnosis of Historic Timber Structures – Principles and Possibilities of Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Jasieńko ◽  
Tomasz Nowak ◽  
Katarzyna Hamrol
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Resistance Drilling ◽  
Drilling Resistance

The paper presents a survey of state-of-the-art nondestructive and semi-destructive diagnostic techniques of testing timber structures and examples of their application. Nondestructive testing is a field of study which covers: identifying the mechanical and physical properties of materials and structural components, detecting material defects and discontinuities, and measuring the geometric dimensions of objects without affecting their performance. The nondestructive and semi-destructive methods are described in a systematic manner and the relevant equipment, technology and applications are discussed. The paper focuses on acoustic methods, resistance drilling techniques and radiography, which are suitable for detecting internal defects, decay and cracks, determining the location and dimensions of degraded areas and assessing the mechanical properties of structural timber members. Much attention is devoted to the techniques that are used in practice and have shown significant promise for future development. The results of several drilling resistance tests carried out on historic timber structures are presented.

Seismic behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber structures: A state-of-the-art review

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Izzi ◽  
Daniele Casagrande ◽  
Stefano Bezzi ◽  
Dag Pasca ◽  
Maurizio Follesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber

scholarly journals Six-Steps Process of Structural Assessment of Heritage Timber Structures: Definition Based on the State of the Art

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Perria ◽  
Mike Sieder
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Residual Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Correct Design

Each construction material deals with specific mechanical properties, their distribution, damage mechanisms, and degradation processes. Therefore, each material requires a particular assessment approach in order to derive a reliable description of the residual performance of the structure, correctly remove the cause of damage, and proceed with the correct design of interventions. The aims of this paper are, first, the definition of a process of assessment and retrofitting of existing timber structures, both for engineered and heritage/traditional timber structures, and second, a comparison between the defined assessment process and its contents, and the content of existing guidelines, codes, and standards. In order to gain a definition of the process of assessment and retrofitting of existing timber structures, the content of scientific papers and articles was analyzed, and on this basis, an assessment process with six main steps and three milestones was developed. The content of the guidelines, codes and standards was afterwards analyzed basing on this six-steps assessment process. From a comparison among the current literature, guidelines, codes, and standards, interesting results emerged that gave us a picture of the European knowledge and interests on the assessment of existing timber structures. Not only agreement, but also discrepancies, variances, and incongruities were identified as possible topics for future research.

The Use of High-Strength Composites in the Reinforcement of Timber

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumil Kasal ◽  
Andreas Heiduschke
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Failure ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The use of high-strength composites in the reinforcement of structural timber has been documented to enhance the strength and stiffness of wood structural members. Global reinforcement is applied over the entire surface of the reinforced member. Local reinforcement is a targeted strengthening of highly-stressed zones susceptible to failure. Both types of reinforcement enhance the capacity of the reinforced members and mitigate brittle failure modes. This paper presents an overview of the application of fiber-based composites in the reinforcement of beams, columns and connections of timber structures and discusses the state-of-the-art technologies in reinforcement. The applications are illustrated on the reinforcement of beams, arches, frames and beam-to-column connections.

scholarly journals Historical scarf and splice carpentry joints: state of the art

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karolak ◽  
Jerzy Jasieńko ◽  
Krzysztof Raszczuk
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Correct Description ◽  
Current State ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Static Behaviour

Abstract This paper summarises the current state of knowledge related to scarf and splice carpentry joints in flexural elements, also providing some examples of tensile joints. Descriptions and characteristics of these types of joints found in historical buildings are presented. In addition, issues related to forming carpentry joints in historic and heritage structures are discussed. Next, analyses and studies of flexural elements as well as selected examples of tensile joints described in the literature are presented. It is worth noting that authors of vast majority of the publications cited draw attention to the need for further research in this area. They acknowledge that existing descriptions are incomplete and insufficient for bringing about precise understanding and correct description of the static behaviour of these joints. Knowledge about designing and assessing static behaviour of existing carpentry joints is an important issue and is necessary to properly design and strengthen existing joints in historical timber structures.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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