The karst process and construction on lands prone to karst formation (in bashkortostan as an example)

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
É. I. Mulyukov
Keyword(s):  
Karst Process ◽  
Karst Formation

Incipient karst formation in carbonate rocks: Influence of fracture network topology

2019 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 824-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aliouache ◽  
Xiaoguang Wang ◽  
Hervé Jourde ◽  
Zhaoqin Huang ◽  
Jun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Karst Formation

Nemacheilus marang, a new loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Sangkulirang karst, eastern Borneo

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2557 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENNY KURNIA HADIATY ◽  
MAURICE KOTTELAT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Karst Formation

Nemacheilus marang, new species, is described from Sungai Marang, Bengalon drainage, in the Sangkulirang peninsula karst formation, Borneo, Indonesia. It is distinguished from all other species of Nemacheilus of Borneo among others by its unique colour pattern made of 10–18 dark brown bars on the flank, extending from the dorsal midline to just below the lateral line, continuous across back, not or only slightly wider on back and where crossing the midlateral stripe; and having the bars usually regular, straight, and of width less than half that of the interspaces.

Fluid convection observed from temperature logs in the karst formation of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Šafanda ◽  
Philipp Heidinger ◽  
Helmut Wilhelm ◽  
Vladimir Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Karst Formation ◽  
Fluid Convection

Successive Paleocene and Eocene infillings of polyphase paleokarsts within the Cretaceous limestones of the Empordà thrust sheets (Catalan Pyrenees, Spain) : relationships between tectonics and karstification

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Peybernès ◽  
Marie-José Fondecave-Wallez ◽  
Pierre-Jean Combes ◽  
Michel Seranne
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Thrust Sheet ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Karst Formation ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Thrust Sheets

Abstract The Mesozoic series of the southern units of the Pyrenean Empordà thrust sheets (Montgrí and Figueres nappes, Catalonia, Spain) were finally emplaced over the autochthonous basement and its Cenozoic cover during Eocene times. However, they have originally been folded by the “Laramian” compressional event (Late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene), while they were still in their root zone more than 50 km to the N-NE. Postdating the Santonian, the emersion of the Cretaceous tectorogen induced karst formation at the expense of Berriasian to Santonian limestone sequences. Karst cavities of this paleokarst 1 (lapiaz and canyons) were subsequently coated with a fine, red or black, Microcodium-bearing, continental silt, and infilled with marine chaotic breccias. Following a new episode of emersion then erosion, the original paleokarst 1 was cross-cut by newly formed cavities of the paleokarst 2, filled with Lutetian-Bartonian marine breccias. Both types of marine breccias (Paleocene then Eocene in age) are now relatively well dated by means of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinacea) occurring within the argillaceous-sandy matrix, and for the older ones, within the argillaceous-sandy or carbonate, finely laminated, interbedded hemipelagites, that mark the top of marine sequences tens of centimetres thick. The relationships of the “Laramian” and “Pyrenean” compressional tectonic events, occurring from latest Cretaceous to Bartonian, with the development of paleokarsts 1 and 2 are analysed in the perspective of the progressive southwards emplacement of the Montgrí thrust sheet, during Eocene time.

scholarly journals Structural-textural nature and sorption properties of limestones from the mesozoic-neogene contact zone in the Bełchatów deposit

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hycnar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Mechanical Compaction ◽  
Karst Formation ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition

Abstract Limestones of the Jurassic age are one of the most important minerals accompanying the Bełchatówlignite deposits. They are part of the Bełchatów and Szczerców rock subsoil complex and form natural hillsides of exploitation fields, which are gradually being exposed due to the progressive exploitation of coal. So far in Bełchatów Lignite Mine nearly 2 million tonnes of limestones have been extracted, which were used in the form of highway aggregate. For the extraction (mineral recovery) approx. 2 million tonnes remained in the Bełchatów field and from 20 to nearly 70 million tonnes in the Szczerców field. The limestones occurring in the deposit Bełchatów are differential qualitatively. Those situated in direct contact with Neogene deposits are characterized by strong karstification (karst formation), and even occur in the form of detrital minerals. Furthermore, they are covered by processes of secondary mineralization. These processes caused significant diversity of phase and chemical composition, and thereby have contributed to reducing the CaCO3 content. Despite this, limestones from the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone possess excellent sorption properties in respect of SO2 in conditions of fluidised furnaces. These properties are determined firstly by their structural-textural nature, and above all with the presence of calcite sparite crystals in microcrystalline groundmass, of micropores, tectonic discontinuities, fracturings and compaction slits. With their presence, both decarbonatization and sorption processes proceed effectively. The CO2 particles are quickly removed from the structures of calcite crystals, and SO2 is able to penetrate into the interior of the sorbent grains where are absorbed on the inner surface of pores arising as a result of the decarbonatization process. These characteristic structural and textural properties of the surveyed limestones have been shaped at the diagenesis and epigenesis stage. This contributed to all chemical and mechanical compaction and cementation processes, as well as the dissolution and recrystallization processes. Despite the low CaCO3 content limestones from the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone can be successfully used in the form of sorbents to reduce SO2 emissions in conditions of fluidised furnaces.

scholarly journals Features of formation of karst falls on the earth’s surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Vitaly Trofimov ◽  
Ivan Shipovskii
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Process ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Karst Formation ◽  
Coefficient Of Lateral Pressure ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

Karst manifestations are widespread in many regions and pose a significant danger to residence and economic activity. Failing funnels arise during the collapse of rocks over underground voids (caves, workings, etc.), formed during karst formation or in the process of anthropogenic doing in the rock massive. However, not every karst or technogenic cavity gives rise to a failure of the earth’s surface, and as a rule, its occurrence is unexpected. In this work, we consider the dynamics of the formation of dips of the earth’s surface in the form of a collapse pipe. To do this, the geomechanical problem is solved by the meshless code Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The method allows to obtain a solution to the problem taking into account large deformations and possible discontinuities in the process of changing the stress-strain state. The Drucker-Prager fracture criterion is used, the parameters of which change over time in accordance with the accumulation of damage, which determines the temporary development of the fracture process, its beginning and speed. Various options for the formation of a vertical dip are considered depending on the geometrical parameters of the initial cavity, its depth and materials composing the rock mass, as well as the features of the destruction of various materials composing the mass during the formation of the dip. Relations are obtained that relate the depth of the cavity, the horizontal size of the hole, the strength properties of the rocks (adhesion, angle of internal friction), the coefficient of lateral pressure in the array. The features of wave processes generated by the formation of a dip are considered, for which a velocity field is obtained near the fracture zone at various time points in the fracture process.

scholarly journals Simulation the deformation and damage of a rock massive containing a cavity

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Виталий Алексанрович Трофимов ◽  
Иван Евгеньевич Шиповский
Keyword(s):  
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Fracture Criterion ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Karst Formation ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage

Карстовые проявления широко распространены во многих регионах и представляют значительную опасность для проживания и хозяйственной деятельности. Воронки возникают при обрушении горных пород над подземными пустотами (пещерами, выработками и т.д.), образовавшимися при карстовом процессе или в результате антропогенного воздействия в массиве горных пород. Однако не каждая карстовая или техногенная полость приводит к разрушению земной поверхности, и, как правило, ее возникновение является неожиданным. В данной работе рассматривается динамика формирования провалов земной поверхности в виде карстовой воронки. Для этого с помощью бессеточного метода сглаженных частиц (SPH) решается геомеханическая задача. Выбранный численный метод позволяет получить решение задачи с учетом больших деформаций и возможных разрушений в процессе изменения напряженно-деформированного состояния. Используется критерий разрушения Друккера-Прагера, параметры которого со временем меняются в соответствии с накоплением повреждений, которые определяют временное развитие процесса разрушения, его начало и скорость. Karst manifestations are widespread in many regions and pose a significant danger to residence and economic activity. Failing funnels arise during the collapse of rocks over underground voids (caves, workings, etc.), formed during karst formation or in the process of anthropogenic doing in the rock massive. However, not every karst or technogenic cavity gives rise to a failure of the earth’s surface, and as a rule, its occurrence is unexpected. In this work, we consider the dynamics of the formation of dips of the earth’s surface in the form of a collapse pipe. To do this, the geomechanical problem is solved by the meshless code Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The method allows to obtain a solution to the problem taking into account large deformations and possible discontinuities in the process of changing the stress-strain state. The Drucker-Prager fracture criterion is used, the parameters of which change over time in accordance with the accumulation of damage, which determines the temporary development of the fracture process, its beginning and speed.

Seismic Wave Images for Different Stages of the Karst Process Development

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Sanfirov ◽  
A.G. Yroslavtsev ◽  
G.Y. Priyma ◽  
A.I. Babkin ◽  
A.M. Prigara
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Karst Process
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