Involvement of NMDA receptors in the control of respiratory rhythm generated by medullo-spinal preparations of early postnatal rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
D. V. Volgin ◽  
V. A. Marchenko ◽  
M. M. Seredenko ◽  
D. A. Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Postnatal Rats

Dopaminergic Substantia Nigra Neurons Express Functional NMDA Receptors in Postnatal Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yu-Luen Lin ◽  
Janusz Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Current Clamp ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Postnatal Rats

Activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the Substantia Nigra zona compacta (SNc) may determine the degree of physiological apoptosis during the early postnatal period. However, the expression of these receptors during this stage of development is uncertain, as a recent study failed to detect responses to NMDA in unidentified SNc neurons isolated from 2-wk-old rats. Using conventional or perforated-patch whole cell recordings, we examined the presence of NMDA-evoked responses in SNc neurons acutely dissociated from P4 to P16 rats, applying strict criteria for identification of these neurons as nigrostriatal and dopaminergic. The SNc neurons were identified by retrograde labeling after striatal injection of Fluoro-Gold; the presence of I hcurrent; and the inhibition of firing by dopamine (50 μM). NMDA (100 μM, V hold = −60 mV) evoked inward, APV-sensitive currents (56.4 ± 8.6 pA) in all tested neurons ( n = 29). Strong depolarizing responses were observed under current-clamp. These results indicate that NMDA receptors play a functional role in SNc neurons during the first two postnatal weeks.

Functional Respiratory Rhythm Generating Networks in Neonatal Mice Lacking NMDAR1 Gene

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1414-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Funk ◽  
S. M. Johnson ◽  
J. C. Smith ◽  
X.-W. Dong ◽  
J. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Rhythm Generation ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm Generation ◽  
Activity Dependent

Funk, G. D., S. M. Johnson, J. C. Smith, X.-W. Dong, J. Lai, and J. L. Feldman. Functional respiratory rhythm generating networks in neonatal mice lacking NMDAR1 gene. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1414–1420, 1997. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic transmission is implicated in activity-dependent developmental reorganization in mammalian brain, including sensory systems and spinal motoneuron circuits. During normal development, synaptic interactions important in activity-dependent modification of neuronal circuits may be driven spontaneously ( Shatz 1990b ). The respiratory system exhibits substantial spontaneous activity in utero; this activity may be critical in assuring essential and appropriate breathing movements from birth. We tested the hypothesis that NMDA receptors are necessary for prenatal development of central neural circuits underlying respiratory rhythm generation by comparing the responsiveness of control mice and mutant mice lacking the NMDA receptor R1 subunit (NMDAR1) gene to glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists and comparing endogenous respiratory-related oscillations generated in vitro by brain stem-spinal cord and medullary slice preparations from control and mutant mice. In control mice, local application of NMDA and the non-NMDA receptor agonist, (R,S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid hydrobromide (AMPA), over the pre-Bötzinger Complex, the C4 cervical motor neuron pool, and the hypoglossal motor nucleus produced profound increases in inspiratory frequency, tonic discharge on C4 ventral nerve roots, and inward currents in inspiratory hypoglossal motoneurons, respectively. Responses of mutant mice to AMPA were similar. However, mutant mice were completely unresponsive to NMDA applications. Preparations from mutant mice generated a respiratory rhythm virtually identical to control. Results demonstrate that NMDA receptors are not essential for respiratory rhythm generation or drive transmission in the neonate. More importantly, they suggest that NMDA receptors are not obligatory for the prenatal development of circuits producing respiratory rhythm.

Sigma, PCP, and NMDA Receptors: Research Monograph 133

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol B. De Souza ◽  
Doris Clouet ◽  
Edythe D. London
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PECULIARITIES OF WHOOPING COUGH IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
I.V. Babachenko ◽  
◽  
Y.V. Nesterova ◽  
N.V. Skripchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Group 1

Objective of the research: to present the clinical and laboratory peculiarities of modern whooping cough in hospitalized children of different ages. Materials and methods: сlinical and laboratory characteristics of whooping cough were analyzed in 88 hospitalized sick children aged 1 month to 18 years in groups of children: group 1 – children under 1 year old; group 2 – children 1–6 years old; group 3 – children 7–17 years old. DNA of causative agents of pertussis infection was isolated by PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs using a commercial kit AmpliSens®Bordetella multi-FL (Moscow). Results: children of group 1 in 90% (n=43) of cases were not vaccinated against whooping cough, severe forms were recorded in 17% (n=8) of children of the 1st year of life, and in 15% (n=7) – due to respiratory rhythm disturbances. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR in 94% (n=45) of children, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis was detected in 81,5% (n=101). Along with hematological changes typical for whooping cough, 79% (n=38) of patients in the first year of life had thrombocytosis (>400×109/l), which was most pronounced in severe disease course 511,5 [425; 568,5]×109/l vs 421 [347; 505,5]×109/l; p<0,05, which has no tendency to decrease throughout the entire observation period and correlates with the level of leukocytes (rs=0,69; p<0,001). Patients over 7 years old in 88% (n=21) of cases were vaccinated against whooping cough, but 79% (n=27) hemograms had no characteristic changes, which, along with a low frequency of confirmation of the diagnosis by PCR 22% (n=4), made it difficult to diagnose whooping cough. Conclusion: children over 7 years of age may not have characteristic hematological changes and PCR diagnostics are insufficiently effective, which contributes to the spread of whooping cough in family foci.

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