Cardioprotective effects of T3-146, a cyclic derivative of γ-aminobutyric acid, under conditions of reperfusion

1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1094
Author(s):  
P. A. Galenko-Yaroshevskii ◽  
S. A. Kryzhanovskii ◽  
A. V. Uvarov ◽  
A. Yu. Turovaya ◽  
P. B. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cyclic Derivative ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Preinfarction Angina and Improved Reperfusion of the Infarct-related Artery

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (S 01) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sciahbasi ◽  
Eugenia De Marco ◽  
Attilio Maseri ◽  
Felicita Andreotti
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Early Reperfusion ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Infarct Related Artery ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Collateral Vessels

SummaryPreinfarction angina and early reperfusion of the infarct-related artery are major determinants of reduced infarct-size in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The beneficial effects of preinfarction angina on infarct size have been attributed to the development of collateral vessels and/or to post-ischemic myocardial protection. However, recently, a relation has been found between prodromal angina, faster coronary recanalization, and smaller infarcts in patients treated with rt-PA: those with preinfarction angina showed earlier reperfusion (p = 0.006) and a 50% reduction of CKMB-estimated infarct-size (p = 0.009) compared to patients without preinfarction angina. This intriguing observation is consistent with a subsequent observation of higher coronary recanalization rates following thrombolysis in patients with prodromal preinfarction angina compared to patients without antecedent angina. Recent findings in dogs show an enhanced spontaneous lysis of plateletrich coronary thrombi with ischemic preconditioning, which is prevented by adenosine blockade, suggesting an antithrom-botic effect of ischemic metabolites. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for earlier and enhanced coronary recanalization in patients with preinfarction angina may open the way to new reperfusion strategies.A vast number of studies, globally involving ≈17,000 patients with acute myocardial infarction, have unequivocally shown that an infarction preceded by angina evolves into a smaller area of necrosis compared to an infarct not preceded by angina (Table 1) (1). So far, preinfarction angina has been thought to have cardioprotective effects mainly through two mechanisms: collateral perfusion of the infarctzone (2-4), and ischemic preconditioning of the myocardium (5-7). Here we discuss a further mechanism of protection represented by improved reperfusion of the infarct-related artery.

Purification of Antihemophilic Factor (Factor VIII) by Amino Acid Precipitation*

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 064-074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Wagner ◽  
William D McLester ◽  
Marion Smith ◽  
K. M Brinkhous
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor

Summary1. The use of several amino acids, glycine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, alanine, beta-alanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, as plasma protein precipitants is described.2. A specific procedure is detailed for the preparation of canine antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) in which glycine, beta-alanine, and gammaaminobutyric acid serve as the protein precipitants.3. Preliminary results are reported for the precipitation of bovine and human AHF with amino acids.

A Simple Method for Preparing Fibrinogen

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Straughn ◽  
R. H Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Marked Stability

SummaryA simple new procedure is reported for the isolation of canine, bovine, porcine, and human fibrinogen. Two molar β-alanine is used to precipitate fibrinogen from barium sulfate adsorbed plasma. The procedure is characterized by dependability and high yields. The material is 95% to 98% clottable protein but still contains impurities such as plasminogen and fibrin-stabilizing factor. Plasminogen may be removed by adsorption with charcoal. The fibrinogen preparations exhibit marked stability to freezing, lyophilization, and dialysis. Epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid which were also studied have the property of precipitating proteins from plasma but lack the specificity for fibrinogen found with β-alanine.

Understanding Schizophrenia: Genetic Causes and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Fatima Javeria ◽  
Shazma Altaf ◽  
Alishah Zair ◽  
Rana Khalid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Mental Disease

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease. The word schizophrenia literally means split mind. There are three major categories of symptoms which include positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The disease is characterized by symptoms of hallucination, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech. Schizophrenia is related to many other mental and psychological problems like suicide, depression, hallucinations. Including these, it is also a problem for the patient’s family and the caregiver. There is no clear reason for the disease, but with the advances in molecular genetics; certain epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Epigenetic mechanisms that are mainly involved are the DNA methylation, copy number variants. With the advent of GWAS, a wide range of SNPs is found linked with the etiology of schizophrenia. These SNPs serve as ‘hubs’; because these all are integrating with each other in causing of schizophrenia risk. Until recently, there is no treatment available to cure the disease; but anti-psychotics can reduce the disease risk by minimizing its symptoms. Dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, are the neurotransmitters which serve as drug targets in the treatment of schizophrenia. Due to the involvement of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, drugs available are already targeting certain genes involved in the etiology of the disease.

Photocleavage Studies of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Conjugates

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Costa ◽  
Maria Fernandes ◽  
M. Sameiro Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Aminobutyric Acid

Glutamine Is Cardioprotective in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease following Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Lomivorotov ◽  
Sergey M. Efremov ◽  
Vladimir A. Shmirev ◽  
Dmitry N. Ponomarev ◽  
Vladimir N. Lomivorotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

<p><b>Background:</b> The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of the perioperative use of N(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine (GLN) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) who undergo their operations under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p><b>Methods:</b> This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study included 50 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB. Exclusion criteria were a left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, diabetes mellitus, <3 months since the onset of myocardial infarction, and emergency surgery. Patients in the study group (n = 25) received 0.4 g/kg GLN (Dipeptiven, 20% solution) per day. Patients in the control group (n = 25) were administered a placebo (0.9% NaCl). The primary end point was the dynamics of troponin I at the following stages: (1) prior to anesthesia, (2) 30 minutes after CPB, (3) 6 hours after CPB, (4) 24 hours after surgery, and (5) 48 hours after surgery. Secondary end points included measurements of hemodynamics with a Swan-Ganz catheter.</p><p><b>Results:</b> On the first postoperative day after the surgery, the median troponin I level was significantly lower in the study group than in the placebo group: 1.280 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 0.840-2.230 ng/mL) versus 2.410 ng/mL (IQR, 1.060-6.600 ng/mL) (<i>P</i> = .035). At 4 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the median cardiac index was higher in the patients in the study group: 2.58 L/min per m<sup>2</sup> (IQR, 2.34-2.91 L/min per m<sup>2</sup>) versus 2.03 L/min per m<sup>2</sup> (IQR, 1.76-2.32 L/min per m<sup>2</sup>) (<i>P</i> = .002). The median stroke index also was higher in the patients who received GLN: 32.8 mL/m<sup>2</sup> (IQR, 27.8-36.0 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) versus 26.1 mL/m<sup>2</sup> (IQR, 22.6-31.8 mL/m<sup>2</sup>) (<i>P</i> = .023). The median systemic vascular resistance index was significantly lower in the study group than in the placebo group: 1942 dyn�s/cm<sup>5</sup> per m<sup>2</sup> (IQR, 1828-2209 dyn�s/cm<sup>5</sup> per m<sup>2</sup>) versus 2456 dyn�s/cm<sup>5</sup> per m<sup>2</sup> (IQR, 2400-3265 dyn�s/cm<sup>5</sup> per m<sup>2</sup>) (<i>P</i> = .001).</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Perioperative administration of GLN during the first 24 hours has cardioprotective effects in IHD patients following CPB. This technique enhances the troponin concentration at 24 hours after surgery and is associated with improved myocardial function.</p>

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