Responses of male and female laboratory mice to the odor of conspecifics of the same sex: Effects of previous isolation and grouping

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeji Kimura ◽  
Yasuko Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Female Laboratory

Dietary fats influence consumption and metabolic measures in male and female laboratory mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Brain ◽  
Tahia A. Maimanee ◽  
Maria Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Female Laboratory

Juvenile and adult male and female Swiss mice in metabolism cages were fed one of four specially-formulated, pelleted diets containing respectively 8% saturated vegetable fat, 8% soya oil, 8% olive oil and 2% soya oil. The identities of the diets were hidden from the experimenter. Subjects were individually housed in metabolism cages and their consumption of food, growth and eliminative activities were measured. Clearly, these non-isocaloric diets differed in palatability, producing complex effects on growth as well as metabolic measures. Many indices were influenced by age, sex, and the duration of dietary exposure. Interactions between factors were common. Dietary fats appear to have subtle effects on the physiology and behaviour of rodents and may account for some differences between studies.

The distribution of Nematospiroides dubius within the small intestine of laboratory mice

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Lewis ◽  
V. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Female Laboratory

AbstractAnalyses of primary infections of Nematospiroides dubius in male and female laboratory mice show that on days 4–6 post-infection worms occupy up to 50% of the small intestine but as the age of the infection increases worm populations are highly aggregated in relation to the anterior sections of the small intestine. Individual worms are also shown to be aggregated with respect to each other. Between days 42 and 60 postinfection, although the pattern of distribution of N. dubius along the small intestine does not significantly change, survival of worms is influenced by both age and sex of ASH/CSI S.P.F. mice, reasons for which are discussed in the light of previous work on primary infections of N. dubius in other strains of laboratory mice

Smoking status and attractiveness among identical twins discordant for smoking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Skinner ◽  
Andy ◽  
Ian Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus Robert Munafo
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Facial Aging ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Separate Sample ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions

Background and aims: Smoking is associated with negative health of skin and increased signs of facial aging. We aimed to address two questions about smoking and appearance: 1) how does smoking affect the attractiveness of faces, and 2) does facial appearance alone provide an indication of smoking status?Methods: Faces of identical twins discordant for smoking were averaged to make male and female smoking and non-smoking prototypes faces. In Task 1, we presented same sex smoking and non-smoking prototypes side-by-side and participants (n=590) indicated which face was more attractive. Participants were blind to prototype smoking status. In Task 2 a separate sample (n=580) indicated which prototype was the smoker.Results: In Task 1 both male and female participants judged non-smoking prototypes more attractive, irrespective of the sex of the prototype face. In Task 2, both male and female participants selected the smoking prototype as the smoker more often, again irrespective of the sex of the prototype face.Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that smoking may negatively impact facial appearance, and that facial appearance alone may be sufficient to indicate smoking status. We discuss the possible use of these findings in smoking behaviour change interventions.

Adults' Perceptions of Children's Independence and other Sex-Role Characteristics as a Function of Child's Gender Label

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Bell ◽  
Kay Hibbs ◽  
Thomas Milholland
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

scholarly journals Behavioral responses to physical vs. social novelty in male and female laboratory rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Cavigelli ◽  
Kerry C. Michael ◽  
Sheila G. West ◽  
Laura Cousino Klein
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Female Laboratory

Eye Contact, Facial Expression, Sex, and the Violation of Personal Space

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Hughes ◽  
Morton Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Confederate ◽  
Female Subjects

Two experiments carried out in a public elevator examined how variations in eye contact, facial expression, sex of subject and of experimental confederate affected the violation of personal space. The first experiment “forced” subjects (79 females and 105 males) to violate the personal space of male of female confederates who were either directing their gazes at the subjects or were avoiding eye contact by having their backs to entering passengers. In the first condition the confederates were both male while in the second condition both confederates were female. For male subjects, as eye contact increased from male and female confederates, violations of personal space decreased. Male subjects preferred to violate the personal space of the confederates who had their backs to them, regardless of the sex of the confederates. Female and male subjects responded similarly when the confederates were males. However, when the confederates were females, female subjects preferred to violate the space of the female confederate who gazed at them rather than the female confederate who had her back to them. In the second experiment the subjects (86 females and 90 males) were again “forced” to violate the personal space of two confederates of the same sex. In each of two conditions one of the confederates avoided gazing at entering subjects but the second confederate smiled while gazing directly at the entering subjects. Male subjects again preferred to violate the personal space of the confederate whose back was to them, regardless of the confederate's sex. Female subjects, however, preferred to violate the personal space of confederates who smiled while gazing directly at the entering subjects. This occurred for both male and female confederates.

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