The role of water in cell architecture

1988 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Watterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Architecture

scholarly journals Role of Polyamines in Parasite Cell Architecture and Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Vannier-Santos ◽  
Ana M. Suarez-Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Cell ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Mechanisms underlying the cooperation between loss of epithelial polarity and Notch signaling during neoplastic growth in Drosophila

Development ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Logeay ◽  
Charles Géminard ◽  
Patrice Lassus ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Diala Kantar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Epithelial Polarity ◽  
Neoplastic Growth ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Transcriptional Output

Aggressive neoplastic growth can be initiated by a limited number of genetic alterations, such as the well-established cooperation between loss of cell architecture and hyperactive signaling pathways. However, our understanding of how these different alterations interact and influence each other remains very incomplete. Using Drosophila paradigms of imaginal wing disc epithelial growth, we have monitored the changes in Notch pathway activity according to the polarity status of cells (scrib mutant). We show that the scrib mutation impacts the direct transcriptional output of the Notch pathway, without altering the global distribution of Su(H), the Notch dedicated transcription factor. The Notch-dependent neoplasms require however, the action of a group of transcription factors, similar to those previously identified for Ras/scrib neoplasm (namely AP-1, Stat92E, Ftz-F1, and bZIP factors), further suggesting the importance of this transcription factor network during neoplastic growth. Finally our work highlights some Notch/scrib specificities, in particular the role of the PAR domain containing bZIP transcription factor and Notch direct target Pdp1 for neoplastic growth.

scholarly journals MOB: Pivotal Conserved Proteins in Cytokinesis, Cell Architecture and Tissue Homeostasis

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Inês L. S. Delgado ◽  
Bruno Carmona ◽  
Sofia Nolasco ◽  
Dulce Santos ◽  
Alexandre Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Septation Initiation Network ◽  
Control Organ ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The MOB family proteins are constituted by highly conserved eukaryote kinase signal adaptors that are often essential both for cell and organism survival. Historically, MOB family proteins have been described as kinase activators participating in Hippo and Mitotic Exit Network/ Septation Initiation Network (MEN/SIN) signaling pathways that have central roles in regulating cytokinesis, cell polarity, cell proliferation and cell fate to control organ growth and regeneration. In metazoans, MOB proteins act as central signal adaptors of the core kinase module MST1/2, LATS1/2, and NDR1/2 kinases that phosphorylate the YAP/TAZ transcriptional co-activators, effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. More recently, MOBs have been shown to also have non-kinase partners and to be involved in cilia biology, indicating that its activity and regulation is more diverse than expected. In this review, we explore the possible ancestral role of MEN/SIN pathways on the built-in nature of a more complex and functionally expanded Hippo pathway, by focusing on the most conserved components of these pathways, the MOB proteins. We discuss the current knowledge of MOBs-regulated signaling, with emphasis on its evolutionary history and role in morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity from unicellular to multicellular organisms.

A functional role of the extracellular domain of Crumbs in cell architecture and apicobasal polarity

2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 2157-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Letizia ◽  
S. Ricardo ◽  
B. Moussian ◽  
N. Martin ◽  
M. Llimargas
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Apicobasal Polarity ◽  
Cell Architecture

scholarly journals Mechanisms underlying the cooperation between loss of epithelial polarity and Notch signaling during neoplastic growth in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Logeay ◽  
Charles Géminard ◽  
Patrice Lassus ◽  
Diala Kantar ◽  
Lisa Héron-Milhavet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Epithelial Polarity ◽  
Neoplastic Growth ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Imaginal Wing Disc ◽  
Transcriptional Output ◽  
Epithelial Growth

SUMMARYAggressive neoplastic growth can be initiated by a limited number of genetic alterations, such as the well-established cooperation between loss of cell architecture and hyperactive signaling pathways. However, our understanding of how these different alterations interact and influence each other remains very incomplete. Using Drosophila paradigms of imaginal wing disc epithelial growth, we have monitored the changes in Notch pathway activity according to the polarity status of cells and show that epithelial polarity changes directly impact the transcriptional output of the Notch pathway. Importantly, we show that this Notch pathway redirection is not mediated by a redeployment of Su(H), the Notch dedicated transcription factor, but relies on the cooperation with a combination of oncogenic transcription factors. Our work highlights in particular the role of the stress response CEBPG homologue CG6272/Irbp18 and of its partner Xrp1 suggesting that parts of the cellular competition program might promote neoplastic growth.

scholarly journals Microtubules deform the nucleus and force chromatin reorganization during early differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Biedzinski ◽  
L. Faivre ◽  
B. Vianay ◽  
M. Delord ◽  
L. Blanchoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Myeloid Lineage ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Local Loss ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Myeloid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chromatin Reorganization

ABSTRACTHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages to support hematopoiesis. Cells from the myeloid and lymphoid lineages fulfill distinct functions with specific shapes and intra-cellular architectures. The role of cytokines in the regulation of HSC differentiation has been intensively studied but our understanding of the potential contribution of inner cell architecture is relatively poor. Here we show that large invaginations are generated by microtubule constraints on the swelling nucleus of human HSCs during early commitment toward the myeloid lineage. These invaginations are associated with chromatin reorganization, local loss of H3K9 trimethylation and changes in expression of specific hematopoietic genes. This establishes the role of microtubules in defining the unique lobulated nuclear shape observed in myeloid progenitor cells and suggests that this shape is important to establish the gene expression profile specific to this hematopoietic lineage. It opens new perspectives on the implications of microtubule-generated forces, in the early specification of the myeloid lineage.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in EMT and Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Zaravinos
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Recent Developments

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a powerful process in tumor invasion, metastasis, and tumorigenesis and describes the molecular reprogramming and phenotypic changes that are characterized by a transition from polarized immotile epithelial cells to motile mesenchymal cells. It is now well known that miRNAs are important regulators of malignant transformation and metastasis. The aberrant expression of the miR-200 family in cancer and its involvement in the initiation and progression of malignant transformation has been well demonstrated. The metastasis suppressive role of the miR-200 members is strongly associated with a pathologic EMT. This review describes the most recent advances regarding the influence of miRNAs in EMT and the control they exert in major signaling pathways in various cancers. The ability of the autocrine TGF-β/ZEB/miR-200 signaling regulatory network to control cell plasticity between the epithelial and mesenchymal state is further discussed. Various miRNAs are reported to directly target EMT transcription factors and components of the cell architecture, as well as miRNAs that are able to reverse the EMT process by targeting the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways. The link between cancer stem cells and EMT is also reported and the most recent developments regarding clinical trials that are currently using anti-miRNA constructs are further discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Soft Tissue Pathophysiology in the Development and Maintenance of Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ziebart ◽  
Sebastian Blatt ◽  
Junho Jung ◽  
Andreas Pabst ◽  
Christian Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Since the first description of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) numerous research groups have focused on possible pathological mechanisms including the suppression of the bone turnover of the jaw, antiangiogenic effects and soft tissue toxicity. In our review we focused on summarizing the role of the soft tissues in the development and progression of BRONJ. The biological behavior of fibroblasts can be significantly influenced by bisphosphonates (BP) such as a concentration dependent reduction of cell viability. High concentrations of BP can induce apoptosis and necrosis of the cells. Comparable effects could be detected for keratinocytes. Compared to non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonates nitrogen-containing BP have worse effects on cell biology by blocking the mevalonate pathway. Next to this the cell architecture and the expression levels of several genes and proteins are significantly disturbed by BP. These inhibitory effects of BP are in accordance with BP related reduced angiogenesis and neovascularization and could underline the hypothesis that inhibition of fibroblasts and keratinocytes results in delayed wound healing and can induce and trigger BRONJ.

The Electrode-Electrolyte Interface in Acidic and Alkaline Fuel Cells

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac B. Sprague ◽  
Prashanta Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Model Fuel ◽  
Alkaline Cells ◽  
Diffuse Region

This numerical study presents the role of diffuse region of the electric double layer in both acidic and alkaline fuel cells. The numerical model is based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) and generalized-Frumkin-Butler-Volmer (gFBV) equations. The Laminar Flow Fuel Cell (LFFC) is used as the model fuel cell architecture to allow for the appropriate and equivalent comparison of acidic and alkaline cells. In particular, we focus on how each device behaves to changing reactant supply at the electrodes, including the overall cell performance and individual electrode polarizations. It is found that the working ion concentration at the reaction plane contributes to differing performance behaviors in acidic and alkaline fuel cells, including activation losses and reactant transport overpotentials. This is due to the working ion, and the electrode where it’s consumed, being opposite for acidic and alkaline fuel cells.

scholarly journals A flagellate-to-amoeboid switch in the closest living relatives of animals

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Brunet ◽  
Marvin Albert ◽  
William Roman ◽  
Maxwell C Coyle ◽  
Danielle C Spitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Amoeboid Cell ◽  
Amoeboid Motility ◽  
Cell Architecture ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Amoeboid Cells

Amoeboid cell types are fundamental to animal biology and broadly distributed across animal diversity, but their evolutionary origin is unclear. The closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellates, display a polarized cell architecture (with an apical flagellum encircled by microvilli) that resembles that of epithelial cells and suggests homology, but this architecture differs strikingly from the deformable phenotype of animal amoeboid cells, which instead evoke more distantly related eukaryotes, such as diverse amoebae. Here, we show that choanoflagellates subjected to confinement become amoeboid by retracting their flagella and activating myosin-based motility. This switch allows escape from confinement and is conserved across choanoflagellate diversity. The conservation of the amoeboid cell phenotype across animals and choanoflagellates, together with the conserved role of myosin, is consistent with homology of amoeboid motility in both lineages. We hypothesize that the differentiation between animal epithelial and crawling cells might have evolved from a stress-induced switch between flagellate and amoeboid forms in their single-celled ancestors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document