Climatic consequences of very high CO2 levels in earth’s early atmosphere

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Kasting
Keyword(s):  
High Co2 ◽  
Early Atmosphere ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Very High

Unexpected decrease in yield and antioxidants in vegetable at very high CO2 levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Fu ◽  
Lingzhi Shao ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Zhiruo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Physiological resilience of pink salmon to naturally occurring ocean acidification

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y Frommel ◽  
Justin Carless ◽  
Brian P V Hunt ◽  
Colin J Brauner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Co2 Levels

Abstract Pacific salmon stocks are in decline with climate change named as a contributing factor. The North Pacific coast of British Columbia is characterized by strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity in ocean conditions with upwelling events elevating CO2 levels up to 10-fold those of pre-industrial global averages. Early life stages of pink salmon have been shown to be affected by these CO2 levels, and juveniles naturally migrate through regions of high CO2 during the energetically costly phase of smoltification. To investigate the physiological response of out-migrating wild juvenile pink salmon to these naturally occurring elevated CO2 levels, we captured fish in Georgia Strait, British Columbia and transported them to a marine lab (Hakai Institute, Quadra Island) where fish were exposed to one of three CO2 levels (850, 1500 and 2000 μatm CO2) for 2 weeks. At ½, 1 and 2 weeks of exposure, we measured their weight and length to calculate condition factor (Fulton’s K), as well as haematocrit and plasma [Cl−]. At each of these times, two additional stressors were imposed (hypoxia and temperature) to provide further insight into their physiological condition. Juvenile pink salmon were largely robust to elevated CO2 concentrations up to 2000 μatm CO2, with no mortality or change in condition factor over the 2-week exposure duration. After 1 week of exposure, temperature and hypoxia tolerance were significantly reduced in high CO2, an effect that did not persist to 2 weeks of exposure. Haematocrit was increased by 20% after 2 weeks in the CO2 treatments relative to the initial measurements, while plasma [Cl−] was not significantly different. Taken together, these data indicate that juvenile pink salmon are quite resilient to naturally occurring high CO2 levels during their ocean outmigration.

WRKY transcription factors in the response of table grapes (cv. Autumn Royal) to high CO2 levels and low temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Romero ◽  
Estibaliz Alegria-Carrasco ◽  
Alfonso Gonzalez de Pradena ◽  
Maria Vazquez-Hernandez ◽  
M. Isabel Escribano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Co2 Levels

The regulating mechanisms of CO2 fixation and carbon allocations of two Chlorella sp. strains in response to high CO2 levels

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 125814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xuexi Tang ◽  
Kehou Pan ◽  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Co2 Levels

scholarly journals Cymodocea nodosa response to simulated CO2-driven ocean acidification: a first insight from global transcriptome profiling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Ruocco ◽  
Procaccini Gabriele ◽  
Francesco Musacchia ◽  
Remo Sanges ◽  
Irene Olivé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cymodocea Nodosa ◽  
Field Station ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Levels

Global climate changes are imposing multiple pressures to marine organisms. The rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is causing substantial changes in ocean physics, chemistry and biology. At least three synergic environmental stressors have been recognized as primary driven by CO2 emissions: ocean warming, oxygen loss and ocean acidification. The effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on seagrass metabolism remain largely understudied. A few studies have been conducted near submarine volcanic vents, which mimic the future ocean acidification scenarios, allowing researchers to investigate the performance of marine organisms under long-term exposure to high-CO2 levels. Apart from these, some mesocosm-based experiments have investigated growth and physiological responses to high CO2. For this work, we built an outdoor mesocosm facility at the Centre of Marine Sciences’ field station in Algarve, Portugal, to experimentally manipulate CO2 levels and investigate the effects of high-CO2/low pH on seagrass metabolism and underlying molecular mechanisms. Cymodocea nodosa plants were collected in Cadiz Bay at the end of January 2014 and transported to the mesocosm facility. After a one week acclimation period, C. nodosa were either kept under normal (400 ppm) or elevated (1200 ppm) CO2 concentration for 12 days. Water physico-chemical parameters, irradiance, and chlorophyll-fluorescence-derived photosynthetic parameters were monitored on a daily basis. Here we present, for the first time in this species, results obtained using Illumina RNAseq technology and de-novo transcriptome assembly. Using C. nodosa RNAs extracted at the beginning and the end of the experiment, we assembled more than 70 thousands unique transcripts and were able to annotate more than 90% of them using the Annocript pipeline. Differential expression analysis revealed about 500 transcripts significantly differentially regulated between plants kept under control and high-CO2 conditions. Pathways showing largest changes in gene expression included isoprenoid and amino-acid biosynthesis, porphyrin-containing compound metabolism, amine and polyamine biosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Transcriptome sequencing also significantly increases the molecular resources available for C. nodosa, almost completely absent before this study.

Photosynthetic utilisation of inorganic carbon and its regulation in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Kunshan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Diatom Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Very High

Photosynthetic uptake of inorganic carbon and regulation of photosynthetic CO2 affinity were investigated in Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The pH independence of K1/2(CO2) values indicated that algae grown at either ambient (12 μmol L–1) or low (3 μmol L–1) CO2 predominantly took up CO2 from the medium. The lower pH compensation point (9.12) and insensitivity of photosynthetic rate to di-isothiocyanatostilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS) indicated that the alga had poor capacity for direct HCO3– utilisation. Photosynthetic CO2 affinity is regulated by the concentration of CO2 rather than HCO3–, CO32– or total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the medium. The response of photosynthetic CO2 affinity to changes in CO2 concentration was most sensitive within the range 3–48 μmol L–1 CO2. Light was required for the induction of photosynthetic CO2 affinity, but not for its repression, when cells were shifted between high (126 μmol L–1) and ambient (12 μmol L–1) CO2. The time needed for cells grown at high CO2 (126 μmol L–1) to fully develop photosynthetic CO2 affinity at ambient CO2 was approximately 2 h, but acclimation to low or very low CO2 levels (3 and 1.3 μmol L–1, respectively) took more than 10 h. Cells grown at low CO2 (3 μmol L–1) required approximately 10 h for repression of all photosynthetic CO2 affinity when transferred to ambient or high CO2 (12 or 126 μmol L–1, respectively), and more than 10 h at very high CO2 (392 μmol L–1).

scholarly journals Atmospheric CO2 levels from 2.7 billion years ago inferred from micrometeorite oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. eaay4644 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Lehmer ◽  
D. C. Catling ◽  
R. Buick ◽  
D. E. Brownlee ◽  
S. Newport
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Early Atmosphere ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Kinetic Oxidation

Earth’s atmospheric composition during the Archean eon of 4 to 2.5 billion years ago has few constraints. However, the geochemistry of recently discovered iron-rich micrometeorites from 2.7 billion–year–old limestones could serve as a proxy for ancient gas concentrations. When micrometeorites entered the atmosphere, they melted and preserved a record of atmospheric interaction. We model the motion, evaporation, and kinetic oxidation by CO2 of micrometeorites entering a CO2-rich atmosphere. We consider a CO2-rich rather than an O2-rich atmosphere, as considered previously, because this better represents likely atmospheric conditions in the anoxic Archean. Our model reproduces the observed oxidation state of micrometeorites at 2.7 Ga for an estimated atmospheric CO2 concentration of >70% by volume. Even if the early atmosphere was thinner than today, the elevated CO2 level indicated by our model result would help resolve how the Late Archean Earth remained warm when the young Sun was ~20% fainter.

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