Rhizosphere microbial populations in contaminated soils

1997 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Nichols ◽  
D. C. Wolf ◽  
H. B. Rogers ◽  
C. A. Beyrouty ◽  
C. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Microbial Populations

scholarly journals Microbial Population Dynamics Associated with Crude-Oil Biodegradation in Diverse Soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 6316-6324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuko Hamamura ◽  
Sarah H. Olson ◽  
David M. Ward ◽  
William P. Inskeep
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alkane Degradation

ABSTRACT Soil bacterial population dynamics were examined in several crude-oil-contaminated soils to identify those organisms associated with alkane degradation and to assess patterns in microbial response across disparate soils. Seven soil types obtained from six geographically distinct areas of the United States (Arizona, Oregon, Indiana, Virginia, Oklahoma, and Montana) were used in controlled contamination experiments containing 2% (wt/wt) crude oil spiked with [1-14C]hexadecane. Microbial populations present during hydrocarbon degradation were analyzed using both 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and by traditional methods for cultivating hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. After a 50-day incubation, all seven soils showed comparable hydrocarbon depletion, where >80% of added crude oil was depleted and approximately 40 to 70% of added [14C]hexadecane was converted to 14CO2. However, the initial rates of hydrocarbon depletion differed up to 10-fold, and preferential utilization of shorter-chain-length n-alkanes relative to longer-chain-length n-alkanes was observed in some soils. Distinct microbial populations developed, concomitant with crude-oil depletion. Phylogenetically diverse bacterial populations were selected across different soils, many of which were identical to hydrocarbon-degrading isolates obtained from the same systems (e.g., Nocardioides albus, Collimonas sp., and Rhodococcus coprophilus). In several cases, soil type was shown to be an important determinant, defining specific microorganisms responding to hydrocarbon contamination. However, similar Rhodococcus erythropolis-like populations were observed in four of the seven soils and were the most common hydrocarbon-degrading organisms identified via cultivation.

scholarly journals Characterizing Microbial Populations in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils of Swat District, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1727
Author(s):  
Muhammad Uddin ◽  
Murtaza Ali ◽  
Muhammad Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Microbial Populations

Effects of zinc-smelter emissions on forest soil microflora

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Jordan ◽  
Mary P. Lechevalier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Smelter Emissions

Within 2 km of a zinc (Zn) smelter in Palmerton, Pennsylvania, near the Lehigh Water Gap, up to 13.5% Zn by weight has been measured in the O2 horizon of the soil, and up to 8% Zn in the A1 horizon. The total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi (measured by dilution plate counts) were greatly reduced in the most severely Zn-contaminated soils compared with control soils. The reduction of microbial populations may be a partial cause of the decreased rate of litter decomposition at Lehigh Gap.Growth of most bacteria from control sites was reduced by 100 to 200 μM Zn, most actinomycetes by 100 μM Zn, and most fungi by 100 to 1000 μM Zn in thin-Pablum extract agar (TPab). All the tested actinomycetes and non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from Zn-contaminated Lehigh Gap soils were Zn-tolerant, growing normally in media containing 600-2000 μM Zn. Most fungi, regardless of source, were capable of at least 50% of normal growth at 700 μM Zn. Zinc-tolerant bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were readily isolated from low-Zn soils, suggesting that selection for Zn tolerance may proceed rapidly.Acidophilic Mortierella species have been selectively eliminated near the smelter, apparently because of elevated soil pH. Peyronellaea glomerata (Corda) Goidanich and Coniothyrium spp. were found only in the high-Zn soils.

Assessment of the Potential for in Situ Biotreatment of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Morgan ◽  
Robert J. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Analysis ◽  
Low Concentrations

Enhanced insitu biotreatment is a recent technology for the cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water but it has not yet been tested for many contaminants. This report describes the assessment of three hydrocarbon-contaminated sites, one contaminated with crude oil, one with lubricating oil and one with gasoline, with respect to their potential for biotreatment. All locations were permeable, sandy soils which contained low concentrations of extractable inorganic macronutrients. Degradative microbial populations were present, although their numbers were reduced in the most highly contaminated portions of the soil. Hydrocarbon analysis demonstrated that vertical penetration of contaminants into the soil was poor for the crude oil but had occurred at the other sites. There was some evidence that biodegradation at the crude and lubricating oil-contaminated sites may have occurred. The available data suggested that biotreatment of the lubricating and gasoline-contaminated sites by the provision of inorganic nutrients and oxygen to the soils might prove viable. However, it was found that the addition of inorganic nutrients resulted in an inhibition of mineralisation in the soils.

Effect of chelants on the lead and copper uptake of maize from contaminated soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Czira ◽  
László Simon ◽  
György Vincze ◽  
József Koncz ◽  
Gyula Lakatos
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Copper Uptake

Magyarországon a robbanóanyaggal és lőszerszármazékokkal szennyezett területek kármentesítése környezetvédelmi és nemzetgazdasági érdek. Egy hazai lőtérről, illetve lőszer-megsemmisítő telepről vett talajban 900 mg·kg−1 ólom- és 133 mg·kg−1 rézszennyeződést mértünk. A fitoextrakció célja, hogy a növényi szervekbe helyezzük át a nehézfémeket, lecsökkentve ezzel a mobilis, toxikus elemkészletet a szennyezett talajokban. Megvizsgáltuk, hogy egy lőszerszármazékokkal szennyezett talajba, illetve ólommal mesterségesen elszennyezett talajba kijuttatott kelátképzőszerekkel (EDTA, EGTA, citromsav) indukálható-e, megnövelhető-e a növényi szervek Pb- és Cu-akkumulációja?Tenyészedény-kísérletünkben kukoricát neveltünk a fenti ólommal és rézzel elszennyezett lőtéri talajon, illetve a közelben gyűjtött szennyezetlen talajt mesterségesen szennyeztük el 100 mg·kg-1 ólommal. Míg a kontroll (kelátképzővel nem kezelt) szennyezett talajon fejlődő kukorica gyökerében 554 μg·g−1 ólom volt mérhető, addig az EDTA hatására a gyökerekben 4611 μg·g−1-ra (több mint nyolcszorosára), a hajtásokban pedig 158-ról 302 μg·g−1-ra (91%-kal) nőtt az ólomkoncentráció. Mindkét változás statisztikailag szignifikánsnak bizonyult. Az EGTA a Cufelvételt serkentette; a kontrollkultúrák gyökerében 516 μg·g−1, a kezelt kultúrákban viszont 1063 μg·g−1 értéket mértünk (ez kétszeres szignifikáns növekmény). A hajtásokban 69%-kal, 29,9-ról 50,7 μg·g−1-ra emelkedett a réztartalom, ez azonban nem bizonyult statisztikailag szignifikánsnak. A citromsav az ólom hajtásokba történő áthelyeződését nem indukálta, rézfelvétel-serkentő hatása csak a gyökerekben volt szignifikáns.Tenyészedény-kísérleteink alapján kijelenthető, hogy elsősorban az EDTA, illetve részben az EGTA a talajba kijuttatva mobilisabbá, könnyebben felvehetővé teszi az ólmot és a rezet, elősegítve ezzel e két toxikus elem növényekben történő akkumulációját. Szabadföldi körülmények között is feltételezhető, hogy a növények betakarításával a toxikus elemek egy része eltávolítható a szennyezett talajból.

Methods of oil-contaminated soils diagnostic

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
I.А. Degtyareva ◽  
◽  
I.А. Shaydullina ◽  
А.Ya. Davletshina ◽  
T.Yu. Motina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils

Electrochemical cleaning of soils with different concentrations of oil pollution using a single source of electrical voltage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-680
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Shulaev ◽  
◽  
Valeriya V. Pryanichnikova ◽  
Ramil R. Kadyrov ◽  
Inna V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Electrode Space ◽  
Soil Excavation ◽  
Interelectrode Resistance

The most essential scientifific and practical task in the area of ecological safety of pipelines operation is the development and improvement of methods of purifification and restoration of oil-contaminated soils. One of the most effificient and cost effective methods is electrochemical purifification, that does not require the use of expensive chemical reagents and soil excavation. However, the consideration of non-uniform contamination of various soil sections is required. The article examines the features of the organization and technological infrastructure for electrochemical purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soils when using a single electrical energy source, a method for calculating the design parameters of the corresponding installation is proposed. Effificient purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soil when using a specifified voltage is possible through the use of different-sized electrodes. For each soil type, the amount of transmitted electric charge required for soil purifification is determined by the concentration of the contaminant. Allocation of cathodes and anodes as parallel batteries and their connection using individual buses is an effective and energy-effificient solution, since an almost-uniform electric fifield is created in an inter-electrode space, thus allowing the reduction of the interelectrode resistance of the medium.

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