Study of the variability of erythrocyte enzymes in captive and wild populations of the black lemur (Eulemur macaco macaco). An indispensable preliminary in captive breeding programmes

Primates ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnaud ◽  
B. Meier ◽  
J. M. Dugoujon ◽  
Y. Rumpler
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Erythrocyte Enzymes ◽  
Black Lemur ◽  
Breeding Programmes

scholarly journals Effect of captivity on morphology: negligible changes in external morphology mask significant changes in internal morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ◽  
Adam J. Munn ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations

Captive breeding programmes are increasingly relied upon for threatened species management. Changes in morphology can occur in captivity, often with unknown consequences for reintroductions. Few studies have examined the morphological changes that occur in captive animals compared with wild animals. Further, the effect of multiple generations being maintained in captivity, and the potential effects of captivity on sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. We compared external and internal morphology of captive and wild animals using house mouse ( Mus musculus ) as a model species. In addition, we looked at morphology across two captive generations, and compared morphology between sexes. We found no statistically significant differences in external morphology, but after one generation in captivity there was evidence for a shift in the internal morphology of captive-reared mice; captive-reared mice (two generations bred) had lighter combined kidney and spleen masses compared with wild-caught mice. Sexual dimorphism was maintained in captivity. Our findings demonstrate that captive breeding can alter internal morphology. Given that these morphological changes may impact organismal functioning and viability following release, further investigation is warranted. If the morphological change is shown to be maladaptive, these changes would have significant implications for captive-source populations that are used for reintroduction, including reduced survivorship.

scholarly journals Causes of hatching failure in endangered birds

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hemmings ◽  
M. West ◽  
T. R. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Embryonic Tissue ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Breeding Programmes

About 10 per cent of birds' eggs fail to hatch, but the incidence of failure can be much higher in endangered species. Most studies fail to distinguish between infertility (due to a lack of sperm) and embryo mortality as the cause of hatching failure, yet doing so is crucial in order to understand the underlying problem. Using newly validated techniques to visualize sperm and embryonic tissue, we assessed the fertility status of unhatched eggs of five endangered species, including both wild and captive birds. All eggs were classified as ‘infertile’ when collected, but most were actually fertile with numerous sperm on the ovum. Eggs of captive birds had fewer sperm and were more likely to be infertile than those of wild birds. Our findings raise important questions regarding the management of captive breeding programmes.

Wild populations as a source of germplasm for black poplar (Populus nigra L.) breeding programmes

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Benetka ◽  
Kateřina Novotná ◽  
Petra Štochlová
Keyword(s):  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Breeding Programmes

scholarly journals The conservation status of the Chinese alligator

Oryx ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thorbjarnarson ◽  
Wang Xiaoming
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Chinese Alligator

AbstractThe Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis is one of the world's most endangered reptiles. At one time widespread throughout much of the lower Yangzi River basin, the remaining wild individuals are now restricted to a small area in southern Anhui Province and perhaps in adjacent Zhejiang Province. Population estimates conducted in the 1980s suggested that only 500–735 wild individuals remained at that time. Current figures suggest that the wild population is c. 400 individuals and continues to decline. The principal factor contributing to historic population decline has been habitat loss, but deliberate killing of alligators and the heavy use of pesticides have also had significant negative effects. The current conservation programme in Anhui Province is based on captive breeding and the establishment of a reserve for small groups of wild alligators. However, the inferred recent decline in the size of the wild population suggests that the reserve design is inadequate for the long-term survival of alligators. Programmes to survey the status of the remaining wild populations and evaluate the feasibility of establishing new wild populations by reintroducing captive-bred animals are currently being developed.

Application of a PCR-based approach to identify sex in Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Jarvi ◽  
Susan I. Jarvi ◽  
Paul C. Banko ◽  
Paul C. Banko
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hawaiian Honeycreepers ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree

The application of molecular techniques to conservation genetics issues can provide important guidance criteria for management of endangered species. The results from this study establish that PCR-based approaches for sex determination developed in other bird species (Griffiths and Tiwari 1995; Griffiths et al. 1996, 1998; Ellegren 1996) can be applied with a high degree of confidence to at least four species of Hawaiian honeycreepers. This provides a rapid, reliable method with which population managers can optimize sex ratios within populations of endangered species that are subject to artificial manipulation through captive breeding programmes or geographic translocation.

scholarly journals Collecting the Mallorcan midwife toad

Oryx ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Tonge
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Captive Breeding Programme ◽  
Subfossil Remains ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Midwife Toad

The Mallorcan midwife toad was described, from subfossil remains, as recently as 1977, and it was not until 1980 that some living tadpoles were recognized as belonging to this new species. Once widespread in Mallorca, now perhaps only 1000–1500 adult toads remain, in secret and remote gorges in the mountains. In order to provide a safety net, should catastrophe strike at the fragile wild populations, the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust offered to set up a captive-breeding programme for the toad. In 1985 the author set out to collect eight toads, to be the founders of the captive colony. The FFPS contributed £85 from its Oryx 100% Fund towards the expedition.

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