A case of unusually early postpartum resumption of estrous cycling in a young female chimpanzee in the wild

Primates ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Takasaki ◽  
Yukio Takahata ◽  
Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa ◽  
Richard W. Byrne ◽  
Takayoshi Kano
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Female Chimpanzee ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Breeding Biology of Brushtail Possums Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae) in Captivity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R.T. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Capability

The brushtail possum is a common arboreal marsupial that is well adapted to the Australian urban environment and to rearing in captivity. Data obtained from 100 female possums housed in a semi-captive colony over a 7 year period demonstrate the reproductive capability of this marsupial. The main breeding season is from March to June with a declining number of births occurring from July to October. The possums gave birth to 259 single young and one set of twins. The range of the lactation period was from 177 to 200 days with the birth of the subsequent young occurring at 188.4 ± 4.1 days post partum (SD, n = 5). The growth rate of the young female possum varied greatly after day 100 post partum, the mean body weight of possums at day 172, being 753.0 ± 76.2g (SD, n = 5) with a range of 685 to 851 g. Female possums, with a mean body weight of 2171 ± 388g, gave birth to their first litter on day 345.9 ± 69.3 days postpartum (mean, SD, n = 7). Although two female possums trapped in the wild were held in captivity for 64 and 63.4 months and one possum bred in captivity had a life span of 51.5 months, the mean life span was 21.0 ± 12.5 months (SD, n =3D 8), with a range of 14.3 to 51.5 months. This life span is very variable and it is of interest to determine if this is an artefact of captivity or is also observed in the wild.

162 REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES, PREGNANCY AND REVERSAL OF LONG TERM ACYCLICITY IN CAPTIVE SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOCEROS AT HAMILTON ZOO

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Morrow ◽  
S. Kudeweh ◽  
M. Goold ◽  
S. Standley
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Young Female ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Southern White Rhinoceros ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Autumn And Winter

In 1999, the New Zealand captive population of Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) was increased with the addition of six wild-caught founders. We report on the breeding success of two females (est. 5 to 6 years at import) and a female born in 2000 (conceived in the wild). Fecal samples were collected 1 to 3 times per week from females (n = 3) for several periods (5 to 24 months) between 2000 and 2008. Reproductive cycles and pregnancy were characterized using fecal progestogen concentrations, observations of courtship behaviour and parturition dates. The average length of the reproductive cycle was 31.6 ± 0.6 days (range 26–38 days, n = 34 cycles). Four pregnancies were confirmed in one female with a sex ratio of 1 female to 3 males (including 1 male loss at an estimated 5 months of gestation), known gestation lengths were 514 and 507 days. In the non-reproducing adult female, long cycles (67.2 ± 1.3 days, n = 5) were detected in addition to regular cycles (31.9 ± 0.9 days, n = 13) during the first 3 years in captivity, consistent with previous reports (Schwarzenberger F et al. 1998 An. Repro. Sci. 53, 173–190; Brown JL et al. 2001 Zoo Biol. 20, 463–486). The absence of breeding behavior and low progestogen concentrations for an extended 4-year period was cause for concern for the Australasian Species Management Programme managers (Hermes R et al. 2004 An. Repro. Sci. 82–83, 49–60; Hermes R et al. 2006 Theriogenology 65, 1492–1515). In 2007, the social structure of the Hamilton Zoo rhinoceros group was altered by exchanging the breeding male and two male offspring for a wild-caught male from Auckland Zoo. Within two months of arrival the long-term acyclic female had resumed cycling and had conceived six months after introduction of the new male. The young captive-born female continued to have regular length cycles and mating was observed with the new male. Recently, early embryonic loss was determined by ultrasound in the young female having a long 70 day cycle determined by fecal analysis. Fecal progestogen concentrations were useful for diagnosing pregnancy after 3 months gestation with concentrations four times higher than luteal phase concentrations by 9 to 12 weeks after mating (n = 3). Two females exhibited seasonal acyclic periods characterized by low progestogen concentrations corresponding to decreasing daylength (autumn and winter months). Fecal progestogen monitoring of reproductive status and pregnancy combined with behaviour observations has provided valuable information for breeding management decisions and planning for parturition in this population. The reversal of long-term acyclicity and a resulting pregnancy that represents two original founders is particularly significant for the genetic diversity of the Australasian population of white rhinoceros.

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

Abstract #832: Primary Hyperparathyroidism Presenting as Haemorrhagic Stroke in a Young Female

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Sachin Jain ◽  
Anshuman Srivastava ◽  
Ramesh Aggarwal ◽  
Mahendra Rajput ◽  
Nishchint Jain
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Young Female

Differential Item Functioning in Brief Instruments of Disordered Eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Thielemann ◽  
Felicitas Richter ◽  
Bernd Strauss ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
German Population ◽  
Test Fairness ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Multiple Indicator

Abstract. Most instruments for the assessment of disordered eating were developed and validated in young female samples. However, they are often used in heterogeneous general population samples. Therefore, brief instruments of disordered eating should assess the severity of disordered eating equally well between individuals with different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Differential item functioning (DIF) of two brief instruments of disordered eating (SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8]) was modeled in a representative sample of the German population ( N = 2,527) using a multigroup item response theory (IRT) and a multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) structural equation model (SEM) approach. No DIF by age was found in both questionnaires. Three items of the EAT-8 showed DIF across gender, indicating that females are more likely to agree than males, given the same severity of disordered eating. One item of the EAT-8 revealed slight DIF by BMI. DIF with respect to the SCOFF seemed to be negligible. Both questionnaires are equally fair across people with different age and SES. The DIF by gender that we found with respect to the EAT-8 as screening instrument may be also reflected in the use of different cutoff values for men and women. In general, both brief instruments assessing disordered eating revealed their strengths and limitations concerning test fairness for different groups.

Holding Power of Orthopaedic Screws in Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones of Young Calves

1992 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jean ◽  
J. K. Roush ◽  
R. M. DeBowes ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
J. Kirpensteijn
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Load To Failure ◽  
Holstein Calves

SummaryThe holding power and holding power per mm bone width of 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm cortical and 6.5 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws were obtained by tensile load-to-failure studies in excised metacarpal and metatarsal bones of young female Holstein calves. Holding power and holding power per mm bone width of 6.5 mm orthopaedic screws were significantly greater than those of 4.5 and 5.5 mm orthopaedic screws in the diaphysis and metaphysis. Significant differences were not detected between holding power and holding power per mm bone width of 4.5 and 5.5 mm orthopaedic screws. The holding power was not different between metacarpi and metatarsi. The limiting factor in all tests of holding power was the shear strength of the bone. We found that 6.5 mm orthopaedic screws have the greatest holding power in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones of young calves.This study compares the holding power of 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm cortical and 6.5 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws in excised metacarpal and metatarsal bones from young female Holstein calves. We found that 6.5 mm orthopaedic screws have the greatest holding power.

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