Captive breeding, paternity determination, and genetic variation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Australasian region

Primates ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn A. Houlden ◽  
Lynn Woodworth ◽  
Karen Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Paternity Determination ◽  
Australasian Region

Conservation genetics of the Parma Wallaby Macropus parma: a case study for Australian marsupials

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. McKenzie ◽  
D. W. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
New South ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The World

The Parma Wallaby Macropus parma, native only to Australia, exemplifies a number of issues currently under discussion regarding the conservation of Australian marsupials. Thought to be extinct in the earlier part of this century, an expatriate population was identified on Kawau Island, New Zealand in 1967. These animals were used to supply zoos and captive breeding colonies throughout the world. Subsequently, parma populations were rediscovered in the Great Dividing Range of New South Wales, Australia. The Australian populations are small and inhabit severely restricted localities where they are highly vulnerable to predation and further habitat loss. Strategies for the preservation of parmas in Australia include the reintroduction of parmas either directly from Kawau Island or from established captive colonies. However, the founder number of Parma Wallabies on Kawau Island is unknown, hence it is possible the New Zealand derived parmas have a restricted genetic base compromising their suitability for reintroduction programmes. Additionally, there is a possibility that introgression has occurred between parmas and Black-striped Wallabies Macropus dorsalis on the island. Here we report that the level of genetic variation in New Zealand derived Parma Wallabies is not markedly reduced, and that no detectable introgression has taken place between Parma and Black-striped Wallabies. Indeed, re-examination of records casts doubt upon the suggestion that Black-stripes were introduced to Kawau Island.

scholarly journals Genetic management on the brink of extinction: sequencing microsatellites does not improve estimates of inbreeding in wild and captive Vancouver Island marmots (Marmota vancouverensis)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley G. Barrett ◽  
Geneviève Amaral ◽  
Melanie Elphinstone ◽  
Malcolm L. McAdie ◽  
Corey S. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Captive Breeding Program ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Diversity

AbstractCaptive breeding is often a last resort management option in the conservation of endangered species which can in turn lead to increased risk of inbreeding depression and loss of genetic diversity. Thus, recording breeding events via studbook for the purpose of estimating relatedness, and facilitating mating pair selection to minimize inbreeding, is common practice. However, as founder relatedness is often unknown, loss of genetic variation and inbreeding cannot be entirely avoided. Molecular genotyping is slowly being adopted in captive breeding programs, however achieving sufficient resolution can be challenging in small, low diversity, populations. Here, we evaluate the success of the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis; VIM; among the worlds most endangered mammals) captive breeding program in preventing inbreeding and maintaining genetic diversity. We explored the use of high-throughput amplicon sequencing of microsatellite regions to assay greater genetic variation in both captive and wild populations than traditional length-based fragment analysis. Contrary to other studies, this method did not considerably increase diversity estimates, suggesting: (1) that the technique does not universally improve resolution, and (2) VIM have exceedingly low diversity. Studbook estimates of pairwise relatedness and inbreeding in the current population were weakly, but positively, correlated to molecular estimates. Thus, current studbooks are moderately effective at predicting genetic similarity when founder relatedness is known. Finally, we found that captive and wild populations did not differ in allelic frequencies, and conservation efforts to maintain diversity have been successful with no significant decrease in diversity over the last three generations.

scholarly journals Population differences and domestication effects on mating and remating frequencies in Queensland fruit fly

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandaker Asif Ahmed ◽  
Heng Lin Yeap ◽  
Gunjan Pandey ◽  
Siu Fai Lee ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Male Genotype

AbstractFemales of many insect species are unreceptive to remating for a period following their first mating. This inhibitory effect may be mediated by either the female or her first mate, or both, and often reflects the complex interplay of reproductive strategies between the sexes. Natural variation in remating inhibition and how this phenotype responds to captive breeding are largely unexplored in insects, including many pest species. We investigated genetic variation in remating propensity in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, using strains differing in source locality and degree of domestication. We found up to threefold inherited variation between strains from different localities in the level of intra-strain remating inhibition. The level of inhibition also declined significantly during domestication, which implied the existence of genetic variation for this trait within the starting populations as well. Inter-strain mating and remating trials showed that the strain differences were mainly due to the genotypes of the female and, to a lesser extent, the second male, with little effect of the initial male genotype. Implications for our understanding of fruit fly reproductive biology and population genetics and the design of Sterile Insect Technique pest management programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Combining modelling, field data and genetic variation to understand the post-reintroduction population genetics of the Marsh Fritillary butterfly (Euphydryas aurinia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Davis ◽  
Carl Barker ◽  
Ian Powell ◽  
Keith Porter ◽  
Paul Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Euphydryas Aurinia ◽  
Founder Populations ◽  
Marsh Fritillary

Abstract The Marsh Fritillary butterfly (Euphydryas aurinia) is a Eurasian species which has suffered significant reductions in occurrence and abundance over the past century, particularly across the western side of its range, due to agricultural intensification and habitat loss. This loss has been particularly severe in the UK with extensive localised extinctions. Following sympathetic management, reintroduction was undertaken at four Cumbria (northern UK) sites in 2007 with stock from a captive admixture population descended from Cumbrian and Scottish founders. Annual population monitoring of the reintroductions was undertaken. Nine years post-reintroduction, the level of population genetic variation was assessed using microsatellites. Variation in historical Cumbrian samples was determined using museum samples and Scottish samples from current populations were assayed to characterise natural population variation. Half of the Scottish sites also served as indicators of the alleles present in the founder populations. The genetic contribution of the founder populations allied to population size data allowed patterns of genetic variation to be modelled. Alleles from Cumbrian and Scottish founders are present in the reintroduced populations. The four sites have levels of variation akin to natural populations and exhibit differentiation as predicted by statistical modelling and comparable with natural populations. This suggests that reintroduction following captive breeding can produce self-sustaining populations with natural levels of genetic diversity. These populations appear to be undergoing the same evolutionary dynamics with bottlenecks and drift as natural populations. Implications for insect conservation Reintroduction of captive bred individuals is a viable strategy for producing populations with natural levels of genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics. Hybridisation of populations on the brink of extinction with those thriving can preserve some of the genetic distinctiveness of the declining population.

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