Structural investigations of the ionic conductivity in zirconia single crystals by neutron diffraction at high temperatures and simultaneously applied electric field

Ionics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
H. Kahlert ◽  
F. Frey ◽  
H. Boysen ◽  
Th. Proffen ◽  
S. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Structural Investigations

Shape of piezoelectric hysteresis loop for non-ferroelastic switching

2003 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Tagantsev ◽  
P. Muralt ◽  
J. Fousek
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTA simple theory for the shape of the piezoelectric hysteresis loops (piezoelectric coefficient d vs. applied electric field E) is developed for the case of non-ferroelelastic 180° switching in ferroelectrics. The theory provides explanations for specific features of piezoelectric hysteresis loops, which have been observed in single crystals, thin films and in ceramics in particular. The piezoelectric coefficient may show a “hump”, i.e. when E decreases from the tip of the loop down to zero, d passes through a maximum, and a “nose”, i.e. a self-crossing of the loop close to its tips. The theory also explains the difference in the coercive fields seen in the polarization and piezoelectric loops.

scholarly journals Электрически активные состояния захвата и переноса заряда, обусловливающие медленную рекомбинацию в кристаллах бромида таллия при низких температурах

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
В. Кажукаускас ◽  
Р. Гарбачаускас ◽  
С. Савицки
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Thermal Quenching ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Trap States ◽  
Optical Generation ◽  
Stockbarger Method

AbstractTlBr single crystals grown by the Bridgman–Stockbarger method are studied. It is established that frozen-conductivity effects manifest themselves under interband excitation by light at temperatures below 200 K. Herewith, clearly pronounced superlinear dependences of the induced photoconductivity on the strength of the applied electric field manifest themselves. The results of studying thermally stimulated conductivity evidence that these phenomena can be associated with the filling of trap states with thermal activation energies of 0.08–0.12 eV. This state can be removed due to thermal quenching at temperatures of ≳180 K because of the emptying of energy states with an activation energy of 0.63–0.65 eV filled after optical generation.

IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF POTASSIUM BROMIDE CRYSTALS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2195-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Transport Number ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Positive Ion

The conductivity of single crystals of potassium bromide has been measured as a function of temperature. Potassium carbonate was found to be sufficiently soluble at high temperatures in KBr to cause a conductivity due to negative ion vacancies. The ionic conductivity parameters of KBr were calculated from conductivity measurements on crystals containing known concentrations of potassium carbonate and calcium bromide without recourse to transport number experiments. A simple theory of association was found to be adequate to describe the interaction between calcium ions and positive ion vacancies. The solubility of free divalent impurities in KBr was also calculated from conductivity measurements. The following enthalpy values were found: for formation of a pair of Schottky vacancies, 2.53 eV; for the motion of positive ion vacancies, 0.665 eV; for the motion of negative ion vacancies, 0.87 eV; for the association of calcium ions and positive ion vacancies, 0.46 eV.

Development of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials Using Domain Wall Engineering

2006 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Satoshi Wada ◽  
Koichi Yako ◽  
Tomomitsu Muraishi ◽  
Hirofumi Kakemoto ◽  
Takaaki Tsurumi
Keyword(s):  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Gradient Domain

For the [111] oriented barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystals, the patterning electrode was applied to induce the finer engineered domain configurations with domain size of 3 2m. The poling treatment was performed at 134 °C under electric fields below 6 kV/cm to inhibit the burning of the patterning electrode with photoresist. As the results, the gradient domain sizes from 3 to 8-9 2m were induced into the 31 resonator. The d31 was measured at -243.2 pC/N, and this value was almost 70 % of the expected d31 of –337.7 pC/N for the resonator with domain size of 3 2m. This difference was originated from lower applied electric field below 6 kV/cm. However, this study was revealed that the patterning electrode was very powerful tool to induce much finer domain sizes below 5 2m.

scholarly journals Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) Material for Actuator Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Uršič ◽  
Marina Santo Zarnik ◽  
Marija Kosec
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Promising Material

Due to its large piezoelectric and electrostrictive responses to an applied electric field the (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) solid solution has been widely investigated as a promising material for different actuator applications. This paper discusses some of the recent achievements in the field of PMN-PT piezoelectric and electrostrictive actuators manufactured from PMN-PT single crystals, bulk ceramics, or thick films. The functional properties of PMN-PT materials and some representative examples of the investigated PMN-PT actuator structures and their applications are reported.

scholarly journals Neutron diffraction study of sodium nitrite in an applied electric field

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Durand ◽  
F. Denoyer ◽  
D. Lefur ◽  
R. Currat ◽  
L. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Study

LIQUID CRYSTLASLIGHT SCATTERING BY FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY AN APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD IN A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (APAPA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-63-C1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BERTOLOTTI ◽  
B. DAINO ◽  
P. Di PORTO ◽  
F. SCUDIERI ◽  
D. SETTE
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Applied Electric Field
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