Subnormal secretion of parathyroid hormone prevents age-related bone loss

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S69-S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Fujiyama ◽  
Takeshi Kiriyama ◽  
Masako Ito ◽  
Hironori Kimura ◽  
Masako Tsuruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Parathyroid hormone signaling in mature osteoblasts/osteocytes protects mice from age-related bone loss

Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Uda ◽  
Vaibhav Saini ◽  
Christopher A. Petty ◽  
Majed Alshehri ◽  
Chao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Age Related

Vitamin D supplementation for 12 months in older people prevents bone loss and suppresses parathyroid hormone levels

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J Aspray ◽  
Roger M Francis ◽  
Elaine McColl ◽  
Thomas Chadwick ◽  
Elaine Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hormone Levels

scholarly journals Advances in the diagnosis and the management of primary hyperparathyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110159
Author(s):  
Ana Kashfia Islam
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Parathyroid Cancer

The parathyroid glands, one of the last organs to be discovered, are responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis, and they continue to present the clinician with diagnostic and management challenges that are reviewed herein. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) comprises the vast majority of pathology of the parathyroid glands. The classic variant, presenting with elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, has been studied extensively, but the current body of literature has added to our understanding of normocalcemic and normohormonal variants of PHPT, as well as syndromic forms of PHPT. All variants can lead to bone loss, kidney stones, declining renal function, and a variety of neurocognitive, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal complaints, although the majority of PHPT today is asymptomatic. Surgery remains the definitive treatment for PHPT, and advances in screening, evolving indications for surgery, new imaging modalities, and improvements in intra-operative methods have greatly changed the landscape. Surgery continues to produce excellent results in the hands of an experienced parathyroid surgeon. For those patients who are not candidates for surgery, therapeutic advances in medical management allow for improved control of the hypercalcemic state. Parathyroid cancer is extremely rare; the diagnosis is often made intra-operatively or on final pathology, and recurrence is common. The mainstay of treatment is normalization of serum calcium via surgery and medical adjuncts.

scholarly journals The Dual Role of Vitamin K2 in “Bone-Vascular Crosstalk”: Opposite Effects on Bone Loss and Vascular Calcification

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Domitilla Mandatori ◽  
Letizia Pelusi ◽  
Valeria Schiavone ◽  
Caterina Pipino ◽  
Natalia Di Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Age Related

Osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) represent relevant health problems that frequently coexist in the elderly population. Traditionally, they have been considered independent processes, and mainly age-related. However, an increasing number of studies have reported their possible direct correlation, commonly defined as “bone-vascular crosstalk”. Vitamin K2 (VitK2), a family of several natural isoforms also known as menaquinones (MK), has recently received particular attention for its role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. In particular, VitK2 deficiency seems to be responsible of the so-called “calcium paradox” phenomenon, characterized by low calcium deposition in the bone and its accumulation in the vessel wall. Since these events may have important clinical consequences, and the role of VitK2 in bone-vascular crosstalk has only partially been explained, this review focuses on its effects on the bone and vascular system by providing a more recent literature update. Overall, the findings reported here propose the VitK2 family as natural bioactive molecules that could be able to play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and vascular calcification, thus encouraging further in-depth studies to achieve its use as a dietary food supplement.

The archaeology of osteoporosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Turner-Walker ◽  
Unni Syversen ◽  
Simon Mays
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Uk

The application of medical scanning technologies to archaeological skeletons provides novel insights into the history and potential causes of osteoporosis. The present study investigated bone mineral density (BMD) in medieval skeletons from England and Norway. Comparisons between the two adult populations found no statistically significant differences. This compares with a modern fracture incidence for the femoral neck in women from Norway that is almost three times that in the UK. The pattern of age-related bone loss in medieval men was similar to that seen in men today. In contrast, the pattern in medieval women differed from that of modern young women. On average, medieval women experienced a decrease in BMD at the femoral neck of approximately 23 per cent between the ages of 22 and 35. These losses were partially recovered by age 45, after which BMD values show a decline consistent with post-menopausal bone loss in modern western women. A possible explanation of the rapid decline in BMD in young medieval women is bone loss in connection with pregnancy and lactation in circumstances of insufficient nutrition.

scholarly journals CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist enantiomers HU-433 and HU-308: An inverse relationship between binding affinity and biological potency

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (28) ◽  
pp. 8774-8779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Smoum ◽  
Saja Baraghithy ◽  
Mukesh Chourasia ◽  
Aviva Breuer ◽  
Naama Mussai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Comparative Binding ◽  
Biological Potency

Activation of the CB2 receptor is apparently an endogenous protective mechanism. Thus, it restrains inflammation and protects the skeleton against age-related bone loss. However, the endogenous cannabinoids, as well as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main plant psychoactive constituent, activate both cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. HU-308 was among the first synthetic, selective CB2 agonists. HU-308 is antiosteoporotic and antiinflammatory. Here we show that the HU-308 enantiomer, designated HU-433, is 3–4 orders of magnitude more potent in osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast differentiation culture systems, as well as in mouse models, for the rescue of ovariectomy-induced bone loss and ear inflammation. HU-433 retains the HU-308 specificity for CB2, as shown by its failure to bind to the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, and has no activity in CB2-deficient cells and animals. Surprisingly, the CB2 binding affinity of HU-433 in terms of [3H]CP55,940 displacement and its effect on [35S]GTPγS accumulation is substantially lower compared with HU-308. A molecular-modeling analysis suggests that HU-433 and -308 have two different binding conformations within CB2, with one of them possibly responsible for the affinity difference, involving [35S]GTPγS and cAMP synthesis. Hence, different ligands may have different orientations relative to the same binding site. This situation questions the usefulness of universal radioligands for comparative binding studies. Moreover, orientation-targeted ligands have promising potential for the pharmacological activation of distinct processes.

Cross-sectional assessment of age-related bone loss in men: the MINOS study

Bone ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Szulc ◽  
F Marchand ◽  
F Duboeuf ◽  
P.D Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without accelerating age-related bone loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T Turner ◽  
Michael Dube ◽  
Adam J Branscum ◽  
Carmen P Wong ◽  
Dawn A Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Age Related

Excessive weight gain in adults is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Unfortunately, dieting, exercise, and pharmacological interventions have had limited long-term success in weight control and can result in detrimental side effects, including accelerating age-related cancellous bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature (9 months old) female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover (CTx and osteocalcin). Rats were implanted with cannulae in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the gene for rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin,n=7) or a control vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP,n=10) and sacrificed 18 weeks later. A baseline control group (n=7) was sacrificed at vector administration. rAAV-Leptin-treated rats lost weight (−4±2%) while rAAV-GFP-treated rats gained weight (14±2%) during the study. At study termination, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats weighed 17% less than rAAV-GFP-treated rats and had lower abdominal white adipose tissue weight (−80%), serum leptin (−77%), and serum IGF1 (−34%). Cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis, and in lumbar vertebra tended to be lower (P<0.1) in rAAV-GFP-treated rats (13.5 months old) compared to baseline control rats (9 months old). Significant differences in cancellous bone or biomarkers of bone turnover were not detected between rAAV-Leptin and rAAV-GFP rats. In summary, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats maintained a lower body weight compared to baseline and rAAV-GFP-treated rats with minimal effects on bone mass, density, microarchitecture, or biochemical markers of bone turnover.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D and osteocalcin levels in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Yogiraj Vaijanathrao Chidre ◽  
Amir Babansab Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Osteoporosis is a common age related problem especially in women, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Apart from Calcium, another nutrient that plays an important role in the mineralization of skeleton in Vitamin D. Osteocalcin, which is produced primarily by osteoblasts during bone formation, is considered to be one of the markers for osteoporosis.Methods: 314 women above the age of 40 were included into the study. A thorough physical and clinical examination, assessment of vital parameters, anthropometry evaluation was done for all patients. Bone mineral density was calculated using central DXA osteodensitometer at lumbar spine L1-L4, hip and ultradistal radius (in some cases.). Blood samples were taken for the detection of ionized calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25hydroxivitamin D (25 ODH) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by chemiluminiscent assay. Bone markers such as osteocalcin were measured as required.Results: Out of the 314 women attending our OPD, 96 of them were diagnosed as having osteoporosis. 24 out of them had fragility fractures, mainly of the hip, and 82 had ostepenia. Elevated levels of calcium (8.96 mg/dl), parathyroid hormone (58.76 pg/ml) and osteocalcin (24.46 ng/ml) were observed. Vitamin D deficiency of ≤ 20 was seen in 59 (63%) of the cases, insufficient in 23 (24%) and only 12 (13%) of these women had normal Vitamin D levels.Conclusions: Osteocalcin is a promising marker for the detection of osteoporosis. There is a considerable Vitamin D deficiency among the women with osteoporosis, and it is under-treated. It is essential to provide Vitamin D supplementation to these women especially those who are at high risk for fragility fractures.

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