The influence of spray chemicals on predatory-and phytophagous mites on apple trees in laboratory- and field trials in the Netherlands

Entomophaga ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vrie
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phytophagous Mites

Notes on the Biology of some predacious Mites on Fruit Trees in south-eastern England

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Collyer
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Length

A number of predacious mites of the PHYTOSEIINAE (family LAELAPTIDAE), found in south-eastern England, mostly in association with fruit trees, are listed. Certain measurements and other characters that are of value in separating species are given. The species found were: Typhlodromus tiliae Oudm., T. cucumeris Oudm., T. tiliarum Oudm., T. rhenanus (Oudm.), T. finlandicus (Oudm.), T. umbraticus Chant, T. massei Nesbitt, T. vitis Oudm., T. soleiger (Ribaga), Phytoseius macropilis (Banks) and two Amblyseius spp. Of these, T. tiliae, T. finlandicus and P. macropilis are normally abundant on apple trees, but only T. tiliae remains abundant on commercially-grown apple trees. For each species a list of plants on which it has been found is given.Details of the life-history of laboratory-reared mites are given and these, together with counts of field populations, show that three generations a year is normal.Predacious phytoseiine mites feed on several species of TETRANYCHIDAE, including Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) and Tetranychus telarius (L.); when M. ulmi is supplied in adequate numbers, adults of T. tiliae consume 3 mites per day, the nymphs 2 mites per day, on an average. It is thought that they also feed on plant tissue, since individuals survived in the laboratory for a considerable length of time in the absence of phytophagous mites, though eggs were not laid.

DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACIOUS MITES ON APPLE TREES IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Zetzellia Mali ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali ◽  
Mature Apple

AbstractThe relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

scholarly journals RECENT- APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL SEAWEED IN THE NETHERLANDS

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk G.H. Ten Hoopen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Field Trials

This paper deals with the effects and the method of laying of some recent emplaced artificial seaweed fields in the Netherlands. The weed is placed on the bottom in coastal waters to promote accretion or at least to prevent erosion along beaches and in gullies. The results of the three field trials, and some of the conditions, that govern the successful application of the seaweed, which will be discussed.

scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol Production by Fusarium culmorum Isolates Differing in Aggressiveness Toward Winter Rye

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gang ◽  
T. Miedaner ◽  
U. Schuhmacher ◽  
M. Schollenberger ◽  
H. H. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Samples

A susceptible synthetic winter rye population was inoculated with 42 isolates of Fusarium culmorum, originating from nine European countries and Australia, at two field locations in Germany. Significant (P = 0.01) genetic variation in aggressiveness of isolates of F. culmorum was observed across both field locations. Field samples were used to determine deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and ergosterol (ERG) contents. The 42 isolates also were incubated on rye grain in vitro, and DON and NIV contents were analyzed. Thirty-four isolates produced DON, and seven isolates produced NIV at both field locations and in vitro. Mean DON contents ranged from 0.5 to 64.6 mg/kg in grain from field trials and from 0.3 to 376.3 mg/kg in grain incubated in vitro; mean NIV contents ranged from 17.6 to 30.4 mg/kg in grain from field trials and from 0.8 to 381.0 mg/kg in grain incubated in vitro. No correlation was found between the DON content of field-grown grain and grain incubated in vitro. NIV-producing isolates originated from the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Australia. More aggressive isolates produced higher mean DON contents in grain in field trials (r = 0.69; P = 0.01). However, DON production rate per unit of fungal biomass, estimated as the DON/ERG ratio at harvest, was not correlated with aggressiveness. Toxin production seemed to be a common feature in F. culmorum. In vitro assays reliably distinguished DON- and NIV-producing types of F. culmorum; however, these assays could not predict production of DON by these isolates in the field.

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