Orangutan performance on a light-dark reversal discrimination in the zoo

Primates ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickie R. Davis ◽  
Hal Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Discrimination

Orientation and Position Effects of Mirror-Image Reversal Discrimination of Triangles by Young Children

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Reversal Discrimination ◽  
Image Reversal

The effects of orientation, obliqueness and position in a triad on mirror-image reversal discrimination by 5- and 6-yr.-old Ss were assessed. Discrimination was facilitated when the triangles were in an upright position, e.g., the horizontal line was at the bottom of the figure. Within a triad of triangles position had a significant effect. The reversed triangle was more distinct when the two identical triangles were beside each other. Obliqueness did not influence mirror-image reversal discrimination.

scholarly journals Operant Discriminative Learning and Evidence of Subtelencephalic Plastic Changes After Long-Term Detelencephalation in Pigeons

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Cerutti ◽  
S. Diaz-Cintra ◽  
L. Cintra ◽  
E. A. M. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Key Peck ◽  
Operant Discrimination ◽  
Reversal Discrimination ◽  
Nucleus Rotundus ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
And Control

We analyzed operant discrimination in detelencephalated pigeons and neuroanatomical substrates after long-term detelencephalation. In Experiment I, experimental pigeons with massive telencephalic ablation and control pigeons were conditioned to key peck for food. Successive discrimination was made under alternating red (variable-ratio reinforcement) and yellow (extinction) lights in one key of the chamber. These relations were interchanged during reversal discrimination. The sessions were run until steady-state rates were achieved. Experiment II analyzed the morphology of the nucleus rotundus and optic tectum in long-term detelencephalated and control birds, using a Klüver-Barrera staining and image analyzer system. Detelencephalated birds had more training sessions for response shaping and steady-state behavior(p<0.001), higher red key peck rates during discrimination(p<0.01), and reversal discrimination indexes around 0.50. Morphometric analysis revealed a decreased number of neurons and increased vascularity, associated with increases in the perimeter(p<0.001)in the nucleus rotundus. In the optic tectum, increases in the perimeter(p<0.05)associated with disorganization in the layers arrangement were seen. The data indicate that telencephalic systems might have an essential function in reversal operant discrimination learning. The structural characteristics of subtelencephalic systems after long-term detelencephalation evidence plastic changes that might be related to functional mechanisms of learning and neural plasticity in pigeons.

scholarly journals Discrimination Reversal Facilitates Contextual Conditioning in Rats’ Appetitive conditioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Alcalá ◽  
Gabriel González ◽  
José A. Aristizabal ◽  
José E. Callejas-Aguilera ◽  
Juan M. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Context Conditioning ◽  
Concurrent Learning ◽  
Contextual Conditioning ◽  
Phase Discrimination ◽  
Reversal Discrimination ◽  
Group D

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted with the goal of exploring the effect of experiencing associative interference upon concurrent learning about conditioned stimuli and contexts in rats’ appetitive conditioning. During the first training phase, two groups of rats received a conditioned stimulus (CS1) followed by food, whereas another conditioned stimulus (CS2) was presented alone. During a second training phase, discrimination was reversed in group R, while it remained the same in group D. A new conditioned stimulus (CS3) was concurrently trained followed by food during this second Phase (Experiment 1). Reversal discrimination did not facilitate concurrent conditioning of the new stimulus, but there was a trend towards facilitation of contextual conditioning, measured by magazine entries in the absence of stimuli, that was confirmed in Experiment 2. These results suggest that the interference treatment may facilitate context conditioning under circumstances and with boundaries that are yet to be established.

Mechanisms of Contextual Control when Contexts are Informative to Solve the Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel P. León ◽  
A. Matías Gámez ◽  
Juan M. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Contextual Control ◽  
Test Context ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Context Switching ◽  
Reversal Discrimination ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Relationship

An experiment was conducted using a human instrumental learning task with the goal of evaluating the mechanisms underlying the deleterious effect of context-switching on responding to an unambiguous stimulus when contexts are informative to solve the task. Participants were trained in a context-based reversal discrimination in which two discriminative stimuli (X and Y) interchange their meaning across contexts A and B. In context A, discriminative stimulus Z consistently announced that the relationship between a specific instrumental response (R1) and a specific outcome (O1) was in effect. Performance in the presence of stimulus Z was equally deteriorated when the test was conducted outside the training context, regardless of whether the test context was familiar (context B) or new (context C). This result is consistent with the idea that participants code all the information presented in an informative context as context-specific with the context playing a role akin to an occasion setter.

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