Effects of the parental host on host selection, reproductive potential, survival and fecundity of the egg-larval parasitoid,Chelonus sp. Nearcurvimaculatus, reared onPectinophora gossypiella andPhthorimaea operculella

Entomophaga ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Legner ◽  
S. N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Larval Parasitoid

Geographic variation in host selection behaviour and reproductive success in the stemborer parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P.J. Potting ◽  
L.E.M Vet ◽  
W.A Overholt
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
New Host ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Host Complex

AbstractLocal parasitoid populations may be adapted to their sympatric major plant host complex. Parasitoid strains may thus differ in their propensity to search for a particular micro-habitat or host or they may differ in their physiological compatibility with particular plant or host species. Cotesia flavipes Cameron, a larval parasitoid used worldwide in biological control against tropical stemborers, has a wide host range in diverse habitats. The existence of plant and/or host specific strains in C. flavipes has been postulated. To provide insight into the existence of strains in C. flavipes, we compared the plant/host complex selection behaviour, and physiological compatibility with different stemborers, of six different geographic strains of C. flavipes that differed in the plant/host complex they were obtained from. The results of the host selection experiments indicate that there is no intraspecific variation in host selection behaviour among C. flavipes strains. However, our comparative experiments show variation in reproductive success among strains. The most significant result was that the strain with the longest period of co-existence with the new host Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius had the highest reproductive success on this host species. We argue that the reported existence of C. flavipes strains is based not on differences in host selection behaviour, but on differences in physiological compatibility between local parasitoid and host population.

On the possibility of targeted prophylaxis of calcitriol-associated pregnancy complications at the preclinical stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
N.V. Didenkul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Placental Dysfunction

According to recent studies, in the vitamin D deficiency state (VDD), pregnancy can be complicated and the optimal level of VD in the blood is one of the conditions for the realization of reproductive potential. The objective: the possibility to preventing calcitriol-associated pregnancy complications by the correcting VD deficiency at the preconception period. Materials and methods. 57 women with VDD were examined. A history of all women had a pregnancy complicated by placental dysfunction (PD); 27 of them were observed from the preconception period (main group – IA) and 30 – from the 1st trimester of pregnancy (comparison group – IB). The VD status by the blood level of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D by ELISA was determined. Women of both groups, in addition to the vitamin-mineral complex (VMC) were prescribed supplementation colecalciferol at a dose of 4.000 IU per day. Pregnant women of both groups received VMCs up to 16 weeks. After optimizing the level (3–4 months), women continued to take VD at a dose of 2.000 IU per day throughout pregnancy. Results. At the initial study, the VD level was 15.72±2.59 ng/ml in ІА and 16.1±1.99 ng/ml in ІВ group (U=883; p>0.05); after treatment increased to 38.31±3.29 ng/ml and 36.13±2.99 ng/ml (U=900; p>0.05). In group IA, the course of pregnancy was characterized by a lower frequency of complications: PD was diagnosed in 22.2% in group IA and 50% in group IB (F=0.0001; p<0.01); fetal distress in 3.7% and 10% (F=0.16; p<0.05): signs of amnionitis – in 18.5% and 33.3% (F=0.035; p<0.05); placental hypertrophy or hypotrophy – in 7.4% and 36.7% (F=0.00001; p<0.01), preeclampsia in 3.7% and 6.7% of women (F=0,54; p<0.05). The frequency of cesarean section in the comparison group was significantly higher (40% VS 25.9%, F=0.034; p<0.05). Conclusions. During pregnancy, which occurred in conditions of VDD, the frequency of some pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, the threat of miscarriage, placental dysfunction was in 2–4 times higher than in women with optimized VD status. One of the directions of the individual management plan for women with a negative obstetric history can be the determination of the level of VD in the blood and correction of the VDD at the preconception period. This approach is a pathogenetically substantiated and promising direction for the prevention of some pregnancy complications and improvement of perinatal outcomes. Keywords: pregnancy, deficiency vitamin D, placental dysfunction, preconception period.

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