The role of fluid hydrostatic pressure in bone-implant interface load transfer

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-571
Author(s):  
Jack L. Lewis ◽  
Cary Keller ◽  
S. David Stulberg ◽  
John Steege ◽  
Michael Santare
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Bone Implant

Role of electromechanical and mechanoelectric effects in protein hydration under hydrostatic pressure

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (39) ◽  
pp. 17722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Danielewicz-Ferchmin ◽  
Ewa M. Banachowicz ◽  
A. Ryszard Ferchmin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Protein Hydration

The role of orthorhombic distortions in gallium under high hydrostatic pressure

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2132-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Mikhaylushkin ◽  
S.I. Simak ◽  
B. Johansson ◽  
U. Häussermann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide in the response of cells to heat shock and high hydrostatic pressure

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
T DOMITROVIC ◽  
F PALHANO ◽  
C BARJAFIDALGO ◽  
M DEFREITAS ◽  
M ORLANDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure

Of the Movement of Worms

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARTH CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Cylindrical Form ◽  
Maximum Thrust

Four aspects of the functioning of a fluid-filled cylindrical animal have been examined, viz.: (I) the role of the body fluid as a skeleton for the interaction of the longitudinal and circular muscles of which the animal must be composed; (2) the measurement of the maximum thrust which the animal can exert by measurement of its internal hydrostatic pressure; (3) the application of the force to the substratum and the part played by friction; (4) the relation between the changes in dimensions of the animal and the working length of the muscles. Under (1) the necessity for a longitudinal and circular construction has been shown and the necessity for a closed system emphasized. Under (2) the pressure exerted on the body fluid by the contraction of the longitudinal and circular muscles is discussed, and from their cross-sectional areas it is shown to be probable that when contracting maximally in Lumbricus they are not balanced, but that the longitudinals are about ten times as strong as the circulars. Under (3) it is shown that the strength of an animal as measured by its internal hydrostatic pressure is sufficient to account for its customary activities. Use which may be made of the longitudinals during burrowing is pointed out. Under (4) it is shown to be mechanically sound for burrowing animals of cylindrical form to be ‘fat’, but that a ‘thin’ animal is more efficient at progression.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Tibial Bone-Implant Load Transfer and Bone Strains with a Modern Fixed-bearing Total Ankle Replacement

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0011
Author(s):  
Daniel Sturnick ◽  
Guilherme Saito ◽  
Jonathan Deland ◽  
Constantine Demetracopoulos ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Tibial Component ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Tibial Tray ◽  
Tibial Bone

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Loosening of the tibial component is the primary failure mode in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The mechanics of the tibial component loosening has not been fully elucidated. Clinically observed radiolucency and cyst formation in the periprosthetic bone may be associated with unfavorable load sharing at and adjacent to the tibial bone-implant interface contributory to implant loosening. However, no study has fully investigated the load transfer from the tibial component to the bone under multiaxial loads in the ankle. The objective of this study was to utilize subject-specific finite element (FE) models to investigate the load transfer through tibial bone-implant interface, as well as periprosthetic bone strains under simulated multiaxial loads. Methods: Bone-implant FE models were developed from CT datasets of three cadaveric specimens that underwent TAA using a modern fixed-bearing tibial implant (a cobalt-chrome tray with a polyethylene bearing, Salto Talaris, Integra LifeSciences). Implant placement was estimated from the post-operative CT scans. Bone was modeled as isotropic elastic material with inhomogeneous Young’s modulus (determined from CT Hounsfield units) and a uniform Poisson’s ratio of 0.3. The tibial tray (Young’s modulus: 200,000 MPa, Poisson’s ratio: 0.3) and the polyethylene bearing (Young’s modulus: 600 MPa, Poisson’s ratio: 0.4) were modeled as isotropic elastic. A 100-N compressive force, a 300-N anterior force, and a 3-Nm moment were applied to two literature based loading regions on the surface of the polyethylene bearing. The proximal tibia was fixed in all directions. The bone-implant contact was modeled as frictional with a coefficient of 0.7, whereas the polyethylene bearing was bonded to the tray. Results: Along the long axis of the tibia, load was transferred to the bone primarily through the flat bone-contacting base of the tibial tray and the cylindrical top of the keel, little amount of load was transferred to the bone between those two features (Fig. 1A). Low strain was observed in bone regions medial and lateral to the keel of the tibial tray, where bone cysts were often observed clinically (Fig. 1A). On average, approximated 70% of load was transferred through the anterior aspect of the tibial tray at the flat bone-contacting base, which corresponded to the relatively high bone strain adjacent to the implant edge in the anterior bone-implant interface (Fig. 1B). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated a two-step load transfer pattern along the long axis of the tibia, revealing regions with low bone strain peripheral to the keel indicative to stress shielding. Those regions were consistent with the locations of bone cysts observed clinically, which may be explained by the stress shielding associated remodeling of bone. These findings could also describe the mechanism of implant loosening and failure. Future studies may use our model to simulate more loading scenarios, as well as different implant placement and design, to identify means to optimize load transfer to the bone and prevent stress shielding.

scholarly journals Role of hydrostatic pressure and wall effect in solidification of TC8 alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghong Luo ◽  
Yaya Wang ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Normal Gravity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Wall Effect ◽  
Solidification Microstructure ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

Abstract The solidification experiments of TC8 alloy under both microgravity and normal gravity were conducted using a drop tube. The solidification microstructure were found composed of fine equiaxed grains formed at early stage and bigger elongated grains formed at later stage. Between the two kinds of grains a curved transition interface was observed in 1g sample, while that in μg sample was almost flat. Generally, the amounts and aspect ratios of the grains are larger, and the grain sizes are smaller in 1g sample. Besides, no visible element macrosegregation occurred in both samples. The results suggest that the solidification velocities of the samples were rapid, and consequently the convection effect and solute transport effect caused by gravity had little influence on the solidification microstructure. Therefore, the solidification process was mainly controlled by thermal diffusion, and hydrostatic pressure and wall effect played a great role in it.

scholarly journals Role of package headspace on multilayer films subjected to high hydrostatic pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Al‐Ghamdi ◽  
Barbara Rasco ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Gustavo V. Barbosa‐Cánovas ◽  
Shyam S. Sablani
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Multilayer Films

Role of luminal hydrostatic pressure in proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in the rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Grandchamp ◽  
Scherrer ◽  
D Scholer ◽  
J Bornand
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Fluid Reabsorption ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Tubular Fluid Reabsorption ◽  
Selective Change

The effect of small changes in intraluminal hydrostatic pressure (P) on the tubular radius (r) and the net fluid reabsorption per unit of surface area of the tubular wall (Js) has been studied in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. The split-drop method was used to simultaneously determine Js and r. Two standardized split-drop techniques A and B allow selective change in P. P was 31.6 +/- 1.3 mmHg in technique A and 15.5 +/- 1.5 in technique B. The pressure difference significantly affected the tubular radius; r was 21.9 +/- 0.4 and 18.6 +/- 0.5 mum in the split drop A and B, respectively. In contrast, net transepithelial fluid reabsorption Js was unchanged. Js amounted to 2.72 +/- 0.20, and 2.78 +/- 0.33 10(-5) cm3 cm-2 s-1 in split drop A and B. The absence of variations in Js could result from two opposite effects of pressure. P might enhance Js by increased ultrafiltration. However, the rise in r might decrease the density of the intraepithelial transport paths per unit area of tubular wall and therefore might decrease Js.

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