A history of serial production of cryosurgical equipment

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-342
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Landa ◽  
A. Yu. Savchenko ◽  
I. V. Nevel'skii ◽  
L. A. Shneider
Keyword(s):  
Serial Production ◽  
History Of

Within this field of serial fiction, American product leads, French ranks second, and British third. This triangular force field explains Neighbours’s anomalous position in the French market. American serial fiction is, in the form of Dallas especially, very well known in France. Such American imports are treated with a culturally characteristic ambivalence: admiration for the narrative drive and polish of American product counterposed by distaste for its spectacularization and superficiality. As seen with reference to the American market, a serial fiction market dominated by Dallas and Santa Barbara offers a less than congenial soil for a Neighbours to take root. French serial fiction production offers few more televisual referents to make Neighbours accessible/familiar/popular on French screens. Crucial here is a long history of French distaste for continuous television serial fiction: “you might say that French serial fiction quickly runs out of steam” (Bianchi 1990: 92). One French forte in this field is the series, the sequence of narratively discrete stories engaging the same characters (more or less) across (usually) weekly transmissions for some months. The best known examples are Les cinq dernières minutes, dating from 1958, Commissaire Moulin, and Maigret. Besides the series, the other forte of French television serial production is the mini-series. And the reasons underpinning the dominance of these two modes, especially the mini-series, will explain both the limited field of the French soapscape and the difficulties for a Neighbours. First, a cultural snobbery attaches to the mini-series, indicated by one critic’s sneering at the genre as representing “a serial of interminable insipidity, the television equivalent of the photo-novel or romance, destined above all to housewives [sic]” (Oppenheim 1990: 43; the sexism of this account may further point to certain assumptions about soaps among French television executives). High(er) cultural literature, in other words, commonly supplies the mini-series’ source material and cultural cachet. Second, then, French television scriptwriters have long traditions of the skills of literary compression and visualization of the psychological, skills which would be seen as wasted on scripting soaps. A further occupational/industrial factor working against the imminent success of soaps focuses on the reluctance of directors of mini-series and longer series to cede the dominant creative role to scriptwriters, the major creative force in continuous serials. And finally, actors in a country with vibrant film and theater industries are loath to commit themselves to the lengths of term required by soaps (Bianchi 1990: 96). These factors militate against the continuous fictional serial which involves a large number of characters engaged by multiple, interweaving plot strands of indeterminate duration and with limited resolution at the end of any given episode (usually 30 minutes long, and often stripped across three–five days weekly). Thus there were, at the time of Neighbours’s launch on French television, only four home-grown French soaps, of which the longest-running, Voisin, voisine, launched by La Cinq in September 1988, ran to only 360 episodes; contrast the British Coronation Street which started in 1960 and is still going! French soaps, then, “were far from proven successes” (A.W. 1989: 7). “The French have been uneasy about soaps” (Pélégrin

2002 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Role ◽  
Serial Fiction

scholarly journals Evaluation of Noble Environmentally Friendly and High Efficient Fire-Extinguishing Means

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
History Of

Reviewing the history of the development of preventing measures, to ensure suppression of fire clearly reveals, that the most urgent of these measures is the use of environmentally friendly, highly efficiency fire extinguishing means. The best fire-extinguishing means are fire-extinguishing powders, which are characterized by high effectiveness and universality. Fire- extinguishing powders of serial production represents the fine dispersed mineral salts with different additives, which decrease tendency of consolidation and caking of powder. In serial production powders halogen containing, organic hydrophobizators are mainly used as such additives. Thus, most of them are halogen containing and do not satisfy the contemporary demands, in the first place with the view of effective, non-toxic and universal use. It also should be mentioned, that fire- extinguishing powders are characterized with less heat capacity, low permeability and wetting effect compared to water and foams, that’s why at extinguishing large scale fires, particularly - forest fires, use of just fire- extinguishing powders is less effective. This article discusses the elaboration of non-halogen, environmentally friendly, high-efficient, universal fireextinguishing powders on the basis of local mineral raw materials of silicate origin and production of highly effective foam-suspensions based on such powders, the use of which will have higher extinguishing ability than water, foams or powders taken separately. The received fire-extinguishing powders will be used at extinguishing of all classes of fires, as well as, in complex with water and foams for extinguishing of large scale fires – forest fires.

scholarly journals Armored carrier MT-LB and support vehicles produced on its basis in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kajetanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The article presents the history of construction of the armored carrier MT-LB designed in 1960s in Kharkiv Tank Factory in the USSR. The serial production of the carrier in Poland and the involvement of Polish scientific and research centers in the preparation of its specialized versions is discussed. The individual versions of the carrier are characterized, streaming them according to: vehicles produced in Poland, prototype vehicles constructed in Polish scientific and research centers and vehicles obtained for the Polish Armed Forces under import. Furthermore, the article outlines the utilization of the MT-LB armored carrier and anti-aircraft missile launchers, engineering vehicles, armored recovery and command-staff vehicles built on its basis by the Polish Armed Forces’ units, drawing the attention to their role in process of technical modernization of the land forces.

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