Neo-Tuberosum: new potato breeding material. 4. The breeding system of Neo-Tuberosum, and the structure and composition of the Neo-Tuberosum gene-pool

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Glendinning
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Breeding Material

scholarly journals Analysis of structure of the population, kinship coefficients and inbreeding trend depending on sex, type of breeding of Tatra Sheepherd dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweklej Edyta ◽  
Horoszewicz Elżbieta ◽  
Niedziółka Roman
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Kinship Coefficients ◽  
Inbreeding Rate ◽  
Dog Breed

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse the structure of the population, kinship coefficients and inbreeding trend taking into account the sex, breeding system: champions (CH) and non-champions (nCH), breeding country: Poland (PL) and foreign country (Z) and the inbreeding degree of Tatra Shepherd dogs. Out of the currently registered 587 Tatra Shepherd dogs, 41.9% have been qualified for breeding. In the past decade, 1961 puppies were born, which corresponds to an average litter of 5.8 puppies. The breed’s inbreeding rate amounted to 6.34%, and for a 4-generation population was 6.68%. The highest inbreeding rate was found in nCH and PL groups consisting of both male and female dogs. The inbreeding rate was significantly higher in 2005-2014 compared to the years 1994-2004. The limit value FX was exceeded for 25.65% of Shepherd dogs, and the critical value was exceeded for 11.52%. An increasing ancestor loss coefficient (AVK) was found, which may result in an increased number of inbred animals. In particular, it referred to female dogs in the nCH, PL, and F group, whereas a significant increase of AVK was observed in the group of male dogs from foreign kennels. The resulting COR values, respectively 55.58% for males and 55.44% for females, testify to insignificant inbreeding and suggest that breeders look for male inbreds. Studies have shown that there is no risk of inbred depression yet; however, the gene pool of the Tatra Shepherd dog breed has become noticeably restricted. In addition, leaving the stud book for the breed open must be considered due to an increase in the popularity of the breed, and thus an increase in mating.

scholarly journals A report on the detection and management of a finding of PSTVd (Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid) in potato breeding material in Northern Ireland, UK

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O’Hanlon ◽  
Paul Watts ◽  
Rodney Martin ◽  
Gillian Young ◽  
Colin Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
True Seed ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
The Uk

AbstractPotato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) is an infectious unencapsidated, small, circular, single-stranded RNA, that causes serious losses in infected potato plants. The pathogen has been detected in several European countries, including in England in the UK. In August 2016, the National Plant Protection Organisation of the Netherlands reported a finding of PSTVd in breeding material that originated in Northern Ireland, UK. A scheme of testing was carried out in Northern Ireland to identify the source of the infected breeding material. Trace-forward and trace-back tests identified 21 infected samples, of which 16 were from true seed samples, out of a total of 591 tested up to November 2016. The number of positive findings in true seed was further reduced to 4 after the samples were surface sterilized. Tests indicated that the infection probably entered the breeding station in Northern Ireland in the mid 1980’s, with limited spread in the collection via contaminated breeding equipment. The instance of spread in the field could not be ruled out. Eradication efforts included removal and destruction of infected field stocks and neighbouring stocks, destruction of stored museum material by deep burial, and destruction of other field material by ploughing and exposing tubers to frost. The risk of potato genitor material for spreading PSTVd is discussed. The situation of PSTVd in Northern Ireland, UK is Transient, actionable, under eradication.

scholarly journals Screening of potato varieties for multiple resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum in the western region of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zelya ◽  
G. Zelya ◽  
T. Oliynyk ◽  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
M. Solomiyciuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Aim. To evaluate potato breeding material for resistance to pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival (1909) known to be present in Ukraine (pathotypes 1(D 1 ), 11, 13, 18 and 22); to identify resistant registered and potential varieties for the usage in the national wart disease eradication programs and to recommend these se- lected (potential and registered) potato varieties for the breeding program targeted on the development of multiple resistance against pathotypes of S. endobioticum present in Ukraine. Methods. Evaluation of the potato breeding material and registered potato varieties for the resistance against common pathotype 1 (D 1 ) and four aggressive pa- thotypes of S. endobioticum (pathotypes 11, 13, 18 and 22) in climatic chamber and greenhouse tests of Ukrainian Scientifi c Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection NAAS (Boyany, Ukraine) following the Spieckermann and Glynne-Lemmerzahl methods (EPPO Standard PM7/28(2)). Field trials on naturally infected soils were conducted according to standard methods adapted to national requirements in the area of Chernivtsi, Zakarpattia and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. Results. 3,736 samples of potato breeding material from six breeding institutions of Ukraine were tested for resistance against S. endobioticum during 2011–2017 in the western region of the country. Among all samples tested, 3,389 were identifi ed as resistant to the widely spread pathotype 1 in the preliminary climatic chamber and greenhouse tests, and 130 of them proved to be resistant under fi eld conditions. Five out of 41 Ukrainian registered potato varieties (Bazys, Hlazurna, Solokha, Bozhedar and Santarka) were found to be resistant to all 5 pathotypes tested (1 (D 1 ), 11, 13, 18 and 22). Conclusions. The 130 samples of potato breed- ing material (which were found to be resistant against the common pathotype 1 of S. endobioticum in the laboratory, greenhouse as well as in the fi eld trials) were recommended for the state variety registration and further usage in an eradication program to localize potato wart outbreaks of the western part of Ukraine. The screening tests revealed that the national breeding program targeted on resistance against S. endobioticum pathotype 11 was the most effec- tive (49 % of samples tested proved to be resistant against this pathotype), whereas it was the least effective against pathotype 18, namely only 30 % of samples resistant. It was speculated that such a dissimilarity may be related to the differences in the genetic material used in the breeding process at various institutions, and which may be the subject of further analysis in order to improve the results of breeding programs. The already registered potato variet- ies Bazys, Hlazurna, Solokha, Bozhedar and Santarka which were found to have a multiple resistance to common pathotype 1 and four local aggressive pathotypes of S. endobioticum (11, 13, 18 and 22) were recommended for use in the breeding process as sources of resistance and also for the eradication programs in the western region of Ukraine, where S. endobioticum is mostly distributed (2409 hectares or 98 %).

scholarly journals HOP (Humulus lupulus L.) Breeding Aimed at High Contents of Desmethylxanthohumol (DMX)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Nesvadba ◽  
Karel Krofta ◽  
Zděnka Polončíková
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Very High

HOP (Humulus lupulus L.) Breeding Aimed at High Contents of Desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) Three female plants (cultivars Agnus, Columbus and Admiral) and two male genotypes (99/14 and 00/6) were chosen for diallel breeding. The highest content of desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) was determined in the progenies of "Agnus x male 99/14 and 00/6", resp. However, the differences between the progenies were not statistically significant. Within combination breeding the highest content of DMX was found in genotypes originating from cultivar Vital. These progenies show higher contents of DMX than the other ones with 99% probability. In the second part of the breeding process aimed at high content of DMX we tested the hop gene pool as well as contemporary breeding material. In currently cultivated bitter hop cultivars the contents of DMX are low from 0.14 to 0.18% (Agnus, Magnum, Sládek, Dunav, Pioneer, etc.). New genotype with very high content of DMX (0.37, resp. 0.27%). In 2008 the first Czech hop cultivar (Vital) for pharmaceutical utilization was released. This variety shows high content of pharmaceutically needed compound, DMX (0.3-0.4% w/w). In comparison with other bitter cultivars of hops this content is 2-3xhigher.

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