WildSolanum species as resistance sources against different pathogens of potato

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Ruiz de Galarreta ◽  
A. Carrasco ◽  
A. Salazar ◽  
I. Barrena ◽  
E. Iturritxa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Wildsolanum Species

Occurrence of glandular trichomes in wildSolanum species

1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward M. Tingey ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
Jean E. Laubengayer
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Wildsolanum Species

Multiple resistance sources to yellow rust and powdery mildew in some exotic wheats

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Ashwani K. Basandrai ◽  
Daisy Basandrai ◽  
Amritpal Mehta ◽  
B.K. Sharma ◽  
Hausila Prasad Singh
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Resistance Sources

scholarly journals Identification of Race-Specific Resistance in North American Vitis spp. Limiting Erysiphe necator Hyphal Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Ramming ◽  
Franka Gabler ◽  
Joseph L. Smilanick ◽  
Dennis A. Margosan ◽  
Molly Cadle-Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Resistance Sources

Race-specific resistance against powdery mildews is well documented in small grains but, in other crops such as grapevine, controlled analysis of host–pathogen interactions on resistant plants is uncommon. In the current study, we attempted to confirm powdery mildew resistance phenotypes through vineyard, greenhouse, and in vitro inoculations for test cross-mapping populations for two resistance sources: (i) a complex hybrid breeding line, ‘Bloodworth 81-107-11', of at least Vitis rotundifolia, V. vinifera, V. berlandieri, V. rupestris, V. labrusca, and V. aestivalis background; and (ii) Vitis hybrid ‘Tamiami’ of V. aestivalis and V. vinifera origin. Statistical analysis of vineyard resistance data suggested the segregation of two and three race-specific resistance genes from the two sources, respectively. However, in each population, some resistant progeny were susceptible in greenhouse or in vitro screens, which suggested the presence of Erysiphe necator isolates virulent on progeny segregating for one or more resistance genes. Controlled inoculation of resistant and susceptible progeny with a diverse set of E. necator isolates clearly demonstrated the presence of fungal races differentially interacting with race-specific resistance genes, providing proof of race specificity in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem. Consistent with known race-specific resistance mechanisms, both resistance sources were characterized by programmed cell death of host epidermal cells under appressoria, which arrested or slowed hyphal growth; this response was also accompanied by collapse of conidia, germ tubes, appressoria, and secondary hyphae. The observation of prevalent isolates virulent on progeny with multiple race-specific resistance genes before resistance gene deployment has implications for grape breeding strategies. We suggest that grape breeders should characterize the mechanisms of resistance and pyramid multiple resistance genes with different mechanisms for improved durability.

Characterization of Virulence Phenotypes of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Populations in North Dakota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intiaz Amin Chowdhury ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
Addison Plaisance ◽  
sam markell
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
First Time ◽  
Primary Strategy

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) continues to be the greatest threat to soybean production in the United States. Since host resistance is the primary strategy used to control SCN, knowledge of SCN virulence phenotypes (HG types) is necessary for choosing sources of resistance for SCN management. To characterize SCN virulence phenotypes in North Dakota (ND), a total of 419 soybean fields across 22 counties were sampled during 2015, 2016, and 2017. SCN was detected in 42% of the fields sampled and population densities in these samples ranged from 30 to 92,800 eggs and juveniles per 100 cm3 of soil. The SCN populations from some of the infested fields were virulence phenotyped with seven soybean indicator lines and a susceptible check (Barnes) using the HG type tests. Overall, 73 SCN field populations were successfully virulence phenotyped. The HG types detected in ND were HG type 0 (frequency rate: 36%), 7 (27%), 2.5.7 (19%), 5.7 (11%), 1.2.5.7 (4%), and 2.7 (2%). However, prior to this study only HG type 0 was detected in ND. The designation of each of the HG types detected was then validated in this study by repeating the HG type tests for thirty-three arbitrarily selected samples. This research for the first time reports several new HG types detected in ND and confirms that the virulence of SCN populations is shifting and overcoming resistance, highlighting the necessity of utilization of different resistance sources, rotation of resistance sources, and identification of novel resistance sources for SCN management in ND.

Resistance Breeding and Exploitation of Wild Relatives for New Resistance Sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-247
Author(s):  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Anjali Joshi ◽  
Smrutishree Sahoo ◽  
Birendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Resistance Sources

scholarly journals The Genomic Impact of Selection for Virulence against Resistance in the Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera pallida

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Varypatakis ◽  
Pierre-Yves Véronneau ◽  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Peter J. A. Cock ◽  
Joanne Tze-Yin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Industry ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Avr Genes

Although the use of natural resistance is the most effective management approach against the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida, the existence of pathotypes with different virulence characteristics constitutes a constraint towards this goal. Two resistance sources, GpaV (from Solanum vernei) and H3 from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC2802 (from the Commonwealth Potato Collection) are widely used in potato breeding programmes in European potato industry. However, the use of resistant cultivars may drive strong selection towards virulence, which allows the increase in frequency of virulent alleles in the population and therefore, the emergence of highly virulent nematode lineages. This study aimed to identify Avirulence (Avr) genes in G. pallida populations selected for virulence on the above resistance sources, and the genomic impact of selection processes on the nematode. The selection drive in the populations was found to be specific to their genetic background. At the genomic level, 11 genes were found that represent candidate Avr genes. Most of the variant calls determining selection were associated with H3-selected populations, while many of them seem to be organised in genomic islands facilitating selection evolution. These phenotypic and genomic findings combined with histological studies performed revealed potential mechanisms underlying selection in G. pallida.

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